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51 Cards in this Set
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Carruca |
A heavy plow that required a team of 8 oxen and turned heavy soil for agriculture in Northern Europe. |
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Manor |
A district over which a feudal lord could exercise certain rights and privileges in medieval western Europe. |
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Serfs |
An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate |
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Money Economy |
a system or stage of economic life in which money replaces barter in the exchange of goods |
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Commercial Capitalism |
an economic system in which people invested in trade and goods for profit
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Bourgeoisie |
Middle class |
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Patricians |
Aristocrat or noblemen |
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Guilds |
a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power |
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Apprentice |
a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages |
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Journeymen |
a trained worker who is employed by someone else |
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Masterpiece |
A work of outstanding artistry, skill, or workmanship |
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Venice |
A city in Italy |
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Flanders |
medieval county along coast of what is now Belgium and adjacent parts of France & Netherlands
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Lay investiture |
term used for investiture of clerics by the king or emperor, a layman. The right of a temporal prince to give spiritual power was claimed only by the extremists of the imperial party, but there was wide debate over canonical election, royal assent, and papal assent |
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Interdict |
ecclesiastical censure notably used in the Roman Catholic Church |
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Sacraments |
In the Eastern, Roman Catholic, and some other Western Christian churches, any of the traditional seven rites that were instituted by Jesus and recorded in the New Testament and that confer sanctifying grace.
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Heresy |
An opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member.
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Relics |
an object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest.
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Papal States |
A group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from 754 until 1870. They were originally given to the papacyby Pepin the Short and reached their greatest extent in 1859
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Pope Gregory IV |
was Pope from October 827 to his death in 844
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Concordat of Worms |
sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians,[a] was an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122 near the city of Worms.
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Cistercians |
is a member of the Cistercian Order
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Hildegard of Bingen |
also known as Saint Hildegard and Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath
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Dominicans |
a member of the Roman Catholic order of preaching friars founded by St. Dominic, or of a religious order for women founded on similar principles.
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Saint Francis of Assisi |
an Italian Roman Catholic friar and preacher
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Assisi |
Assisi definition, a town in E Umbria, in central Italy: birthplace of St. Francis of Assisi
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Inquisition |
a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation |
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Theology |
Theology is the study of God--His nature, attributes, character, abilities, revelation, etc. Truetheology is found in the Bible which is the self-revelation of God
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Scholasticism |
the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma.
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Vernacular |
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. |
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Chanson de geste |
a medieval historical romance in French verse, typically one connected with Charlemagne. |
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Bologna |
A city of north-central Italy at the foot of the Apennines north-northeast of Florence. It was originally an Etruscan townand became a Roman colony in the second century bc.
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Oxford |
A city of south-central England on the Thames River west-northwest of London. The internationally famous OxfordUniversity, founded in the 1100s, still dominates the city center.
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Aristotle |
Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics,ethics, natural sciences,
politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. |
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Saint Thomas Aquinas |
Italian theologian and Doctor of the Churchwho is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology;presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God
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Summa Theologica |
the best-known work of Thomas Aquinas (c.1225–1274). Although unfinished, the Summa is "one of theclassics of the history of philosophy and one of the most influential works ofWestern literature." |
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Anti-Semitism |
Hostility toward or prejudice against Jews or Judaism.
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New monarchies |
This solution was regarding the new monarchies of Europe in 15th century. They kept the administrative unity of their countries.
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Taille |
A form of direct royal taxation that was levied in France before 1789 on nonprivileged subjects and lands and tendedto weigh most heavily on the peasants.
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Black Death |
Yerstinia Pestis, a disease causing boils to grow on the skin. Very deadly, no cure found to this day. Wiped out over 12,000 people in the century. |
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Pope Boniface VIII |
the head of the Catholic Church from 24 December 1294 to his death in1303. Today, he is probably best remembered for his feuds with Dante,who placed him in the Eighth Circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among the simoniacs.
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King Philip IV |
King of spain and portugal |
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Avignon |
a French commune in southeasternFrance in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of theRhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city (as of 1 January 2010),about 12,000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medievalramparts.
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Great Schism |
The East–West Schism, between the Eastern Church and the Western Church in 1054 |
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John Hus |
a Czech priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague. After John Wycliffe, the theorist of ecclesiastical Reformation, Hus is considered the first Church reformer, as he lived before Luther, Calvin,and Zwingli.
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Henry V |
King of Germany (from 1099to 1125) and Holy Roman Emperor (from 1111 to 1125), the fourth and lastruler of the Salian dynasty. Henry's reign coincided with the final phase of thegreat Investiture Controversy, which had pitted pope against emperor.
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Agincourt |
a major English victory in theHundred Years' War. The battle occurred on Friday, 25 October1415 (Saint Crispin's Day), near modern-day Azincourt, in northernFrance. |
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Joan of Arc |
a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. Shewas born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming divineguidance, she led the French army to several important victories duringthe Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation ofCharles VII of France.
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Orleans |
a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. Shewas born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming divineguidance, she led the French army to several important victories duringthe Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation ofCharles VII of France. |
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Queen Isabella |
the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of themodern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of ChristopherColumbus in 1492 |
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King Ferdinand |
the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella; his marriage to Isabella Iin 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain and their capture of Granada from the Moors in 1492 united Spain as one country; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and supported the expedition ofChristopher Columbus in 1492 |
