Middle Ages

Front 1

3 main causes of the need to reform the church

Back 1

1. Many priests were married (marriage was against church rulings)
2. Bishops sold positions in the church, called simony
3.Kings appointed church bishops. church reformers believed the church should appoint the bishops

Front 2

Gothic

Back 2

-new style of architecture began in the 1100's
-thrusting upwrard
-huge stained glass windows
-included other art such as sculpture and other wood carvings

Front 3

Pope Urban II

Back 3

issued a call for a Holy War/Crusade
(Launched the Crusades)

Front 4

Crusade

Back 4

A medieval expedition one of a series made by the Europeans to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims

1093-1204

Front 5

First Crusade

Back 5

- 1095-1099
-12,000 soldiers
-July 15, 1099 they captured the city

Front 6

Second Crusade

Back 6

-1147-1149
-Wanted to recapture Edessa but failed to

Front 7

Third Crusade

Back 7

-in 1187 Jerusalem had fallen to Muslim leader Saladin
-Third crusade was to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin.
-Led by Phillip II, Barbarossa, and Richard the Lion-Hearted
-Phillip argued with Richard and left back home, Barbarossa drowned
-1192- Saladin and Richard truce, Muslims control Jerusalem and Saladin promised that unarmed Christians could visit the city's holy places

Front 8

Saladin

Back 8

A kurdish warrior and Muslim leader who gained the holy land from the Crusaders

Front 9

Richard the Lion-Hearted

Back 9

Was the English King and led the 3rd crusade

Front 10

fourth-eigth crusades

Back 10

in all of these crusades the Crusaders attempted to capture the holy land but failed every time.