Mid Streptococci And Enterococci

Front 1

Describe the gram stain for streptococcus

Back 1

They are gram positive. They are spherical or ovoid in shape and tend to grow in pairs or chains.

Front 2

Are streptococci motile or nonmotile? spore forming or nonspore forming?

Back 2

They are nonmotile, nonspore forming

Front 3

Describe the need for air of streptococci

Back 3

They are facultatively anaerobic

Front 4

What are the most important streptococcus pathogens?

Back 4

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

Front 5

What is the other name for group A streptococcus?

Back 5

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 6

What is the other name for group B streptococcus?

Back 6

Streptococcus agalactiae

Front 7

What is the other name for pneumococcus?

Back 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 8

What group used to be part of streptococci?

Back 8

Enterococci

Front 9

What are the sites of colonization of S. pneumoniae?

Back 9

Oropharynx, nose

Front 10

What are the sites of colonization of S. pyogenes?

Back 10

Nares, pharynx, rectum

Front 11

What are the sites of colonization of Enterococcus faecalis and faecium?

Back 11

GI tract

Front 12

What are the sites of colonization of S. agalactiae?

Back 12

GU tract

Front 13

What are the sites of colonization of Viridans streptococcus?

Back 13

Oropharynx

Front 14

What bacteria species colonize the oropharynx?

Back 14

S. pneumoniae, Viridans streptococcus

Front 15

What bacteria species colonize the nose?

Back 15

S. pneumoniae

Front 16

What bacteria species colonize the nares?

Back 16

S. pyogenes

Front 17

What bacteria species colonize the pharynx?

Back 17

S. pyogenes

Front 18

What bacteria species colonize the rectum?

Back 18

S. pyogenes

Front 19

What bacteria species colonize the GI tract?

Back 19

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium

Front 20

What bacteria species colonize the GU tract?

Back 20

S. agalactiae

Front 21

What are the common sites of infection for S. pneumoniae?

Back 21

lungs, sinuses, middle ear,
meninges

Front 22

What are the common sites of infection for S. pyogenes?

Back 22

pharynx, skin, soft tissue

Front 23

What are the common sites of infection for Enterococcus faecalis and faecium?

Back 23

urinary tract, biliary tract,
peritoneum, heart valves

Front 24

What are the common sites of infection for S. agalactiae?

Back 24

neonatal, bloodstream, lung and
meninges. genitourinary tract

Front 25

What are the common sites of infection for Viridans streptococcus?

Back 25

dental caries, heart valves,
bloodstream

Front 26

What bacteria often infect the lungs?

Back 26

S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae

Front 27

What bacteria often infect the middle ear?

Back 27

S. pneumoniae

Front 28

What bacteria often infect the meninges?

Back 28

S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae

Front 29

What bacteria often infect the pharynx?

Back 29

S. pyogenes

Front 30

What bacteria often infect the skin?

Back 30

S. pyogenes

Front 31

What bacteria often infect soft tissue?

Back 31

S. pyogenes

Front 32

What bacteria often infect the GU tract?

Back 32

Enterococcus faecalis
and faecium, S. agalactiae

Front 33

What bacteria often infect the biliary tract?

Back 33

Enterococcus faecalis
and faecium

Front 34

What bacteria often infect the peritoneum tract?

Back 34

Enterococcus faecalis
and faecium

Front 35

What bacteria often infect the heart valves?

Back 35

Enterococcus faecalis
and faecium, Viridans streptococcus

Front 36

What bacteria are often responsible for neonatal infections?

Back 36

S. agalactiae

Front 37

What bacteria infect the bloodstream?

Back 37

S. agalactiae, Viridans streptococcus

Front 38

What bacteria are associated with dental caries?

Back 38

Viridans streptococcus

Front 39

How are streptococci classified?

Back 39

Through hemolytic pattern or Lancefield grouping

Front 40

What is hemolytic typing?

Back 40

Hemolytic typing has to do with the type of hemolysing that occurs

alpha - green hemolysis
beta - clear hemolysis
gamma - no hemolysis

Front 41

What is Lancefield grouping?

Back 41

It is based on the cell wall carbohydrate antigens

Front 42

Classify S. pneumonia

Back 42

Optochin disk: S
Bacitracin disk: R
Growth in 6.5% NaCl: -
Hydrolyze Bile-Esculin: -
Hippurate hydrolysis: -

Front 43

Classify S. pyogenes

Back 43

Optochin disk: R
Bacitracin disk: S
Growth in 6.5% NaCl: -
Hydrolyze Bile-Esculin: -
Hippurate hydrolysis: -

Front 44

Classify E. faecalis, faecium

Back 44

Optochin disk: R
Bacitracin disk: R
Growth in 6.5% NaCl: +
Hydrolyze Bile-Esculin: +
Hippurate hydrolysis: -

Front 45

Classify S. agalactiae

Back 45

Optochin disk: R
Bacitracin disk: R
Growth in 6.5% NaCl: -
Hydrolyze Bile-Esculin: -
Hippurate hydrolysis: +

Front 46

Classify Viridans streptococcus

Back 46

Optochin disk: R
Bacitracin disk: R
Growth in 6.5% NaCl: -
Hydrolyze Bile-Esculin: -
Hippurate hydrolysis: -

Front 47

What is the outer surface of group A streptococcus made from?

Back 47

A hyaluronic acid capsule that interferes with phagocytosis

Front 48

What is the M protein? What does it do?

Back 48

The M protein is the major virulence factor of group A streptococcus.

The protein interferes with phagocytosis and strains defective in M protein are avirulent. The M proteins appear to promote colonization of tissue surfaces. M proteins are also used to classify GAS based on their variation in structure and sequence. The structure is filamentous and is an alpha-helical coiled-coiled structure. Immunity to infection with GAS is type-specific and is based on the antiphagocytic moiety of the M protein. The antigenically variable regions of the protein are found at the amino terminus and are the most distal. M protein has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever.

Front 49

What does protein F1 do?

Back 49

Together with lipoteichoic acid mediates binding to fibronectin, a host extracellular matrix molecule found on the surface of epithelial cells.

Front 50

What does lipoteichoic acid do?

Back 50

Together with Protein F1 mediates binding to fibronectin, a host extracellular matrix molecule found on the surface of epithelial cells.

Front 51

What does Protein G do?

Back 51

It binds to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (similar to protein A in S. aureus)

Front 52

What findings are suggestive of GpA strep? What are not suggestive?

Back 52

Suggestive: Sore throat, sudden onset, fever, pain with swallowing, headache, lymphadenitis, tonsillar exudates, soft palate petechiae

Not suggestive: Conjunctivitis, coryza, cough, diarrhea

Front 53

Whats the difference between S. aureas and Strep TSS?

Back 53

Strep differs from S. aureus TSS because of the frequent presence of infection.

Front 54

What is the pathogenesis of the pneumococcal pneumonia from S. pneumo

Back 54

-Adheres to type II cells and initiates immune response
-Cell wall causes inflammatory response
-Fluid accumulation-> Congestion
-Red hepatization (leakage of RBCs)
-Gray hepatization (recruitment of macrophages)
-Resolution of pneumonia starts with development of anticapsular antibody