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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reglan
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met-oh-KLOE-pra-mide
• Prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis • Treatment of postsurgical and diabetic gastric stasis • Blocks dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS • Stimulates motility of the upper GI tract and accelerates gastric emptying Therapeutic Effect(s): • Decreased nausea and vomiting • Decreased symptoms of gastric stasis • Easier passage of nasogastric tube into small bowel Use Cautiously in: • History of depression • Diabetes (may alter response to insulin) • Renal impairment (reduce dose in CCr <50 ml/min |
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Cytotec
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mye-soe-PROST-ole
• Prevention of gastric mucosal injury from NSAIDs, including aspirin, in high-risk patients (geriatric patients, debilitated patients, or those with a history of ulcers) • With mifepristone for termination of pregnancy • Prevention of gastric ulceration from NSAIDs • With mifepristone terminates pregnancy of less than 49 days • Acts as a prostaglandin analogue, decreasing gastric acid secretion (antisecretory effect) and increasing the production of protective mucus (cytoprotective effect) • Causes uterine contractions |
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Nexium
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es-o-MEP-ra-zole
Ther. class. antiulcer agents Pharm. class. proton pump inhibitors • GERD/erosive esophagitis • Hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome • With amoxicillin and clarithromycin to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer disease or history of duodenal ulcer disease • Decrease risk of gastric ulcer during continuous NSAID therapy Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: headache. GI: abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, flatulence, nausea. |
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Flagyl
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me-troe-NI-da-zole
Action Disrupts DNA and protein synthesis in susceptible organisms Therapeutic Effect(s): Bactericidal, trichomonacidal, or amebicidal action Spectrum: • Most notable for activity against anaerobic bacteria, including » Bacteroides » Clostridium • In addition, is active against » Trichomonas vaginalis » Entamoeba histolytica » Giardia lamblia » H. pylori » Clostridium difficile Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: SEIZURES, dizziness, headache. EENT: tearing (topical only). GI: abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, furry tongue, glossitis, unpleasant taste, vomiting. Derm: rashes, urticaria, topical only—burning, mild dryness, skin irritation, transient redness. Hemat: leukopenia. Local: phlebitis at IV site. Neuro: peripheral neuropathy. Misc: superinfection, disulfiram-type reaction with alcohol |
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Docusate
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Indications
• PO: Prevention of constipation (in patients who should avoid straining, such as after MI or rectal surgery) • Rect: Used as enema to soften fecal impaction Action • Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass • May also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon Therapeutic Effect(s): Softening and passage of stool Contraindicated in: • Hypersensitivity • Abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, especially when associated with fever or other signs of an acute abdomen Use Cautiously in: • Excessive or prolonged use may lead to dependence • Should not be used if prompt results are desired |
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Potonix
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pan-TOE-pra-zole
Pregnancy Category Category B Ther. class. antiulcer agents Pharm. class. proton pump inhibitors Indications • Erosive esophagitis associated with GERD • Decrease relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms on patients with GERD • Pathologic gastric hypersecretory conditions Unlabelled Use(s): Adjunctive treatment of duodenal ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori Action Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen Therapeutic Effect(s): • Diminished accumulation of acid in the gastric lumen, with lessened acid reflux • Healing of duodenal ulcers and esophagitis • Decreased acid secretion in hypersecretory conditions Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Tablet is enteric-coated; absorption occurs only after tablet leaves the stomach |
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Tylenol
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acetaminophen
Indications • Mild pain • Fever • Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, primarily in the CNS • Has no significant anti-inflammatory properties or GI toxicity Therapeutic Effect(s): • Analgesia • Antipyresis Contraindicated in: • Previous hypersensitivity • Products containing alcohol, aspartame, saccharin, sugar, or tartrazine (FDC yellow dye #5) should be avoided in patients who have hypersensitivity or intolerance to these compounds Use Cautiously in: • Hepatic disease/renal disease (lower chronic doses recommended) • Chronic alcohol use/abuse • Malnutrition |
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Probenicid
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cidofovir
sye-doe-FOE-veer Indications Management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in HIV-infected patients (with probenecid) Action Suppresses replication of CMV by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis Therapeutic Effect(s): Slows progression of CMV retinitis; may not be curative Pharmacokinetics Absorption: IV administration results in complete bioavailability Distribution: Unknown Metabolism and Excretion: Excreted mostly unchanged by the kidneys |
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Zyloprim
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allopurinol
Pregnancy Category Category C Ther. class. antigout agents antihyperuricemics Pharm. class. xanthine oxidase inhibitors Indications • PO: Prevention of attack of gouty arthritis and nephropathy • PO, IV: Treatment of secondary hyperuricemia, which may occur during treatment of tumors or leukemias Action Inhibits the production of uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase Therapeutic Effect(s): Lowering of serum uric acid levels Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Well absorbed (80%) following oral administration Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity Use Cautiously in: • Acute attacks of gout • Renal insufficiency (dose reduction required if CCr <20 ml/min) • Dehydration (adequate hydration necessary |
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Stadol
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butorphanol
Controlled Substance Schedule IV Pregnancy Category Category C Ther. class. opioid analgesics Pharm. class. opioid agonists antagonists Indications • Management of moderate to severe pain • Analgesia during labor • Sedation before surgery • Supplement in balanced anesthesia Action • Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS • Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression • Has partial antagonist properties that may result in opioid withdrawal in physically dependent patients Therapeutic Effect(s): Decreased severity of pain Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Well absorbed from IM sites and nasal mucosa Contraindicated in: • Hypersensitivity • Patients physically dependent on opioids (may precipitate withdrawal) Use Cautiously in: • Head trauma • Increased intracranial pressure • Severe renal, hepatic, or pulmonary disease (increase interval to q 6–8 hr initially in hepatic/renal impairment) • Hypo |
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Dilantin
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phenytoin
Pregnancy Category Category D Ther. class. antiarrhythmics (group IB) anticonvulsants Pharm. class. hydantoins Indications Treatment/prevention of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures Action • Limits seizure propagation by altering ion transport • May also decrease synaptic transmission • Antiarrhythmic properties as a result of shortening the action potential and decreasing automaticity Therapeutic Effect(s): • Diminished seizure activity • Termination of ventricular arrhythmias Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Absorbed slowly from the GI tract. Contraindication/Precautions Contraindicated in: • Hypersensitivity • Hypersensitivity to propylene glycol (phenytoin injection only) • Alcohol intolerance (phenytoin injection and liquid only) • Sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, 2nd- or 3rd-degree heart block, or Stokes-Adams syndrome (phenytoin injection only) Use Cautiously in: • Hepatic or renal disease ( risk of ad |
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Morphine
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Indications
• Severe pain • Pulmonary edema • Pain associated with MI Action Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression Therapeutic Effect(s): Decrease in severity of pain Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams. EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis. Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. CV: hypotension, bradycardia. GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting. GU: urinary retention. Derm: flushing, itching, sweating. Misc: physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance |
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Dilaudid
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hydromorphone
Controlled Substance Schedule II Pregnancy Category Category C Ther. class. allergy, cold and cough remedies (antitussives) opioid analgesics Pharm. class. opioid agonists Indications • Moderate to severe pain (alone and in combination with nonopioid analgesics); extended release product for opioid-tolerant patients requiring around-the-clock management of persistent pain • Antitussive (lower doses) Action • Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS • Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression • Suppresses the cough reflex via a direct central action Therapeutic Effect(s): • Decrease in moderate to severe pain • Suppression of cough CNS: confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams. EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis. Resp: respiratory depression. CV: hypotension, bradycardia. GI: constipation |
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Demerol
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meperidine
Controlled Substance Schedule II Pregnancy Category Category C Ther. class. opioid analgesics Pharm. class. opioid agonists Action Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression. Therapeutic Effect(s): Decrease in severity of pain Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: SEIZURES, confusion, sedation, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams. EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis. Resp: respiratory depression. CV: hypotension, bradycardia. GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting. GU: urinary retention. |
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Oxycodone
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Controlled Substance Schedule
II Pregnancy Category Category C Ther. class. opioid analgesics Pharm. class. opioid agonists opioid agonists nonopioid analgesic combinations Indications Moderate to severe pain Action • Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS • Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression Therapeutic Effect(s): Decreased pain Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams. EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis. Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. CV: orthostatic hypotension. GI: constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting. GU: urinary retention. Derm: flushing, sweating. Misc: physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance. |
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indocin
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indomethicin
Pregnancy Category Category B (first trimester) Ther. class. antirheumatics ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts (IV only) nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents Indications • PO: Inflammatory disorders including » Rheumatoid arthritis » Gouty arthritis » Osteoarthritis » Ankylosing spondylitis • Generally reserved for patients who do not respond to less toxic agents • IV: Alternative to surgery in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates Action Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Therapeutic Effect(s): • PO: Suppression of pain and inflammation • IV: Closure of patent ductus arteriosus Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, psychic disturbances. EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus. CV: hypertension, edema. GI: PO—DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS, GI BLEEDING, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, discomfort, necrotizing enterocolitis. GU: cystitis, hematuria, renal fail |
