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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infection occurs when...
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pathogens enter and multiply.
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All infectious diseases are contagious. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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List 3 terms used for resident flora.
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1. normal flora
2. indigenous " " 3. normal microflora |
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Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are...
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the patients own normal flora.
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The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora...
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during, and immediately after birth
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List 4 places where resident flora are found.
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1. skin
2. mouth 3. nasal passages 4. large intestine |
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List 4 resident flora of skin.
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1. Staphylococcus
2. Corynebacterium 3. Micrococcus 4. Mycobacterium |
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List 4 resident flora found in the GI tract.
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1. Streptococcus
2. Bacterioides 3. Staphylococcus 4. Haemophilus |
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List a genus of resident flora of the mouth, large intestine, and from puberty to menopause, the vagina.
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Lactobacillus
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Which genus is the most common resident flora of mouth surfaces?
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Streptococcus
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The body site with resident flora that produces beneficial body products, including Vit K and several other vitamins is the...
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large intestine
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List 4 types of virulence factors of bacteria.
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1. capsules
2. exoenzymes 3. endotoxin 4. exotoxin |
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STORCH is an acronym that represents the most common...
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infections of the fetus and neonate
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Microbial hyoluronidase, coagulase and streptokinase are examples of...
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exotoxins
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Exotoxins are...
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proteins
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Microbial hyaluronadase, coagulase, and streptokinase are examples of...
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exoenzymes
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Enterotoxins are...
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toxins that target the intestines
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List the function of the following;
a. fimbriae b. capsules c. leukocidins d. hemolysins e. coagulase |
a. adherence to substrate
b. antiphagocytic factor c. damage WBC d. damage RBC e. causes clotting |
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The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the...
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period of invasion
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What is the incubation period?
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It is the time from when the pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear.
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What is the prodromal stage?
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It is the initial brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches.
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The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed...
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symptom
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The objective measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed...
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a sign
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Local edema, swollen lymphnodes fever, and soreness with or without abscesses are indications of...
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inflammation
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What is epidemiology?
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It is the study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population.
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What is the incidence rate?
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It is the number of new cases od a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population.
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A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a population is...
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an endemic
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The primary natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the...
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reservoir
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An animal such as an anthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a...
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vector
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What is a fomite?
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It is an inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen.
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The dried residues of fine droplets from mucus or saliva that harbor and transmit pathogen are...
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droplet nuclei
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What are biological vectors?
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Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens from host to host.
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When would Koch's postulates be utilized?
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determination of the cause of a new disease in a micro research lab
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Infection refers to...
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pathogens that penetrate host defenses
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Opportunistic pathogens...
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cause disease in compromised individuals.
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The greatest number of pathogens enter through the...
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respiratory system
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keritinase has the greatest effect on the...
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skin
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Mucinase has the greatest effect on the...
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GI system
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Endotoxins are indicative of Gram neg. organisms. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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Arthritis from Lyme disease is an example of a sequelae. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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______ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogen while they are recovering from an infectious disease.
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Convalescent
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_______ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of Gram neg. cell walls.
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Endotoxins
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_______ are various bacterial enzymes that dissolve fibrin clots.
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Kinases
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Most of the skins resident flora are found in the uppermost superficial layers of the epidermis. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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sentinel animals are monitored for specific diseases in order to determine the potential for human exposure to a disease. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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List some common genera normally found on the skin.
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1. Staphylococcus
2. Micrococcus 3. Corynebacterium 4. Proprionibacterium 5. Streptococcus 6. Candida/pityrosporum 7. Demodex mite |
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List some common genera found in the GI tract.
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1. Streptococcus
2. Neisseria 3. Veillonella 4. Fusobacterium 5. Lactobacillus 6. Bacterioides 7. Actinomyces 8. Eikenella 9. Treponema 10.Haemophilus 11.Candida 12.Entoamoeba gingivalis |
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What are some endogenous organisms found in the large intestine and rectum.
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1. Bacterioides
2. Fusobacterium 3. Bifidobacterium 4. Clostridium 5. Streptococcal fecal 6. Lactobacillus 7. E. coli 8. Candida 9. Entamoeba coli 10.Trichomonas hominis |
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Which organisms are found in the genital tract?
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1. Lactobacillus
2. Streptococcus 3. Corynebacterium 4. E. coli 5. Candida |
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Which organisms are found in the urinary tract?
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1. Staphylococcus
2. Streptococcus 3. Corynebacterium 4. Lactobacillus |
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M. tuberculosis enters through the both the respiratory and GI tracts. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE>
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What are level 1 microbes>
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Microbes not known to cause disease in humans are assigned to level 1, and highly contagious viruses are referred to as level 4.
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List 4 viruses that enter through the gut.
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1. Poliovirus
2. Hepatitis A 3. Echovirus 4. Rotavirus |
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What is the infectious dose for Rickettsia?
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This is the cause of Q fever, and the ID is 1-2 cells.
ID for tbc giardiasis is 10 ID is 1,000 for gonorrhea and 10,000 for typhoid fever, in contrast to 1,000,000,000 for cholera |
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List several pathogens that infect the kidny and are discharged into the urine.
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1. leptospirosis
2. typhoid fever 3. tbc 4. schistosomiasis |
