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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is Trichomonas found/
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T. vaginalis is found in the vagina and male urethra. It is transmitted sexually. It is a flagellated protozoon.
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What are some of its symptoms?
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Females will complain of itching, burning on urination and excess vaginal secretions.
Males are usually asymptomatic. |
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How is it diagnosed?
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Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge on a wet mount. It is a highly motile parasite.
Exam. of urine may be revealing. It is treated with metronidazole. |
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Are there free living meningitis causing Amoebas?
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Yes.
1. Naegleria fowleri 2. Acanthomoeba. They live in fresh water of lakes and swimming pools. Actual infection rarely occurs. |
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How do these organisms penetrate?
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They penetrate the nasal mucosa, through the cribiform plate into the brain and spinal fluid.
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What are the symptoms?
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Infected persons will present with a fever, nausea and vomiting. They have a history of swimming a week earlier.
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How are Naegleria fowleri diagnosed?
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Examination of CSF reveals a high neutrophil count, low glucose, and high protein, like bacterial meningitis. The Gram stain and culture reveal no bacteria, but microscopic exam may reveal motile amoeba.
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How is it treated?
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Two payients who survived were treated with intrathecal amphoteracin B.
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What is the pathogenesis of Acanthomoeba?
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It is responsible for a chronic, granulomatous brain infection in immunocompromised patients. Headaches, fever and seizures are signs.
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How is it diagnosed and treated?
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Exam. of CSF and brain tissue will reveal Acanthomoeba in both cyst stage and trophozoite.
Treatment is difficult and involves multiple antifungal drugs with pentamidine. |
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Where is Toxoplasma gondii found?
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Many animals are infected with this, and humans are infected by the ingestion of cysts in undercooked meats or food contaminated with kitty litter.
It is estimated that 70-80% of cats are infected. It undergoes sexual division in the cat and is excreted in the feces. |
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How does T. gondii present?
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Fever, lymphnode enlargement pneumonia and spleen enlargement. Toxoplasma encephalitis is the most common CNS infection in AIDS patients. It may mimick a growing mass, much like a tumor. Examination of the retina reveals yellow, white fluffy patches that stansd out from the surrounding red retina.
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Transplacental fetal infection can occur if a pregnant woman who has never been exposed to T. gondii is infected. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause many problems, including chorioretinitis, blindness, seizures, mental retardation, microencephaly encephalitis and other defects. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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How is acute toxoplasmosis treated?
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Silfadiazine/pyrimethamine
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Pneumocystis carinii has been shown to be more closely related to fungi. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. It can invade the lungs of all individuals at an early age and persists in a latent state.
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Based on IgM and IgG studies it appears that about 85% of children have had a mild or asymptomatic respiratory illness by age 4. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What would one expect to find on P. carinii chest films?
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They may show diffuse perihilar interstitial streaking bilaterally, sparing the outer lung margins. If an absolute T4 cell count is oredered and the patient has 150 T -helper cells(normal is 1,000), this can be confirmatory for immunocompromised disease such as AIDS.
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Diagnosis of Pneumocystis c. can be made by silver staining alveolar lung secretions, revealing the flying saucer appearing fungi. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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Symptomatic patients with P. carinii can be treated with high dose of Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or intravenous pentamidine. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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