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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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P. falciform, the most aggressive species will invade up to 30% of RBCs. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What is the organismal effect of affected RBCs?
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RBCs become sticky. They tend to plug up post capillary venules in organs such as kidney, lung and even the brain.
Most deaths occur in children less than 5 years old in sub Saharan africa. These children develop cerebral malaria. |
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What other corporeal effects are seen with malaria?
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Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly. These organs enlarge as fixed phagocytic cells pick up large amounts of debris from destroyed RBCs. The spleen may rupture.
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What offers resistance to this disease?
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Many African american and African blacks are resistant to P. vivax and falciform.
The resistance to P. vivax is based on the absence of red cell membrane antigens, Duffy A/B that the P. vivax uses for binding. The sickle cell anemia trait(hemoglobinA/S appears to help protect the red cells from P. falciform invasion. |
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How is it diagnosed.
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Exam of thin and thick smears under oil immersion magnification of trophozoites and shizonts within the RBCs.
Fluorescently labeled antibodies is another method. |
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What type of chemical prophylaxis is employed?
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When traveling to an area without chloroquine resistance, "chloroquine" is used. If there is resistance, mefloquine or doxycycline may be used.
It is wise to carry a pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine(fansidar) starter pack to take in case of breakthrough infection. |
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P. malariae/vivax/ovale are all susceptible to chloroquine. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. P. vivax/ovale have exo-erythrocytic cycles in the liver and will be protected there from chloroquine.
Primaquine will kill liver holdouts. |
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Severe infection(cerebral malaria) is treated how?
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I/V or I/M quinine, quinidine or artemether.
(Artemether is a new therapy for severe falciparum malaria in children and adults. |
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Quinine can be injected I/M. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
Artemether(artesunate) is derived from a traditional chinese malaria remedy(wormwood) |
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Can all antimalarial drugs be taken orally. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. All cause as well GI upset as a primary adverse effect.
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is there an association between these anti-malarial drugs and persons with glucose 6 phosphate deficiency?
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Yes. Chloroquine, primaquine and quinine all cause hemolysis in patients with G-6-P-D.
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