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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why should Tetracyclines be taken on an empty stomach?
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They can be chelated and inactivated by calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron and other multivalent cations.
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Do tetracyclines work synergistically with penicillins?
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Unlike aminoglycosides, tetracyclines theoretically decrease the effect of penicillins.
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What is the risk from taking expired tetracyclines?
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May cause a Fanconi like syndrome(proximal renal tubular dysfunction).
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How do bacteria usually become resistant to tetracyclines?
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Increased ability to pump tetracycline out of cell(efflux pumps).
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What is the mechanism of action of Caf?
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It prevents peptide bond formation by binding the 50S subunit of rRNA. It is used for bacterial meningitis in penicillin allergic patients and serious Salmonella infections in some parts of the world.
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What are the two distinct side effects of Caf on bone marrow?
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Bone marrow depression and dose independent aplastic anemia.
Gray baby syndrome in neonates because they lack uridine diphosphate(UDP) glucoronyl transferase). |
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What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?
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They bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit and prevent the translocation step in protein synthesis.
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Why are macrolids used for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia?
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They are effective in treating M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae and Legionella.
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How do bacteria usually become resistant to macrolids?
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Methyltransferases that alter the drug binding site on the 50S ribosome and increase active transport of the drug out of the cell.
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What is the mechanism of action of Clindamicin?
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Blocks peptide bond formation at the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is bacteriostatic.
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What is the mechanism of action for linezolid?
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Inhibits formation of the initiation complex in bacterial translation.
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What important infections does linezolid treat?
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Vancomycin resistant S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus and Vancomycin resistant Enterococci.
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Which new class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis can also treat VRSA and VRE?
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Streptogramins class, quinopristin and dalfopristin(Synercid) combination inhibits 50S and 70S ribosomes.
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