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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the mainpathogenic viruses in the togavirus family?
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Rubella virus, Western equine encephalitis(WEE) and Eastern equine encephalitis, (EEE).
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Describe the morphology and genome of togavirus?
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Enveloped icosahedral capsid with a nonsegmented single stranded positive sense RNA genome.
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Where do togaviruses replicate their genomes?
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In the cytoplasm
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What are the main vectors for togaviruses?
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WEE and EEE are transmitted via mosquitoes. Rubella is transitted via airborne droplets or congenitally.
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What congenital defects are caused by congenital rubella infection?
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Heart(PDA), interventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis), eyes(cataracts and chorioretinitis) and CNS(mental retardation, microencephaly and deafness.
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What % of newborns born to women infected with rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy develops congenital rubella?
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25%. Defects are rare if infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy.
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What is the best test for rubella in a pregnant women?
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IgM antibody titer indicates a recent infection. Amniocentesis can test if virus is in the amniotic fluid, which is confirmatory for fetal infection.
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What is the best way to prevent congenital rubella/
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Live attenuated vaccine(measles, mumps and rubella(MMR) vaccine. However, unimmunized pregnant women should not receive the MMR vaccine.
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What are the clinical findings for noncongenitally acquired rubella?
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Mild feer and rash(from forehead to face to torso to extremities).
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How is noncongenitally acquired rubella contracted?
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Respiratory secretions.
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What is another name for noncongenital rubella/
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German measles or 3 day measles.
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How do you differentiate between rubella and measles?
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Rubella is typically mild and lasts only 3 days. Measles characteristically lasts 5-7 days with rashes that begin on the face, spread toward the trunk, and eventually to the extremities.
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What are the clinical findings for equine encephalitis virus/
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Headache, fever, altered level of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits.
The reservoir is wild birds. |
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Besides humans, name another host for the equine encephalitis viruses?
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Horses
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