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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major constituents of innate immunity?
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Physical barrier-skin/mucus membrane
Soluble factors-complement/cytokines Physiological factors-temperature/pH Cellular defenses-NK cells/ neutrophils |
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Name some antimicrobial substances found in mucus?
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Lysozyme/immunoglobin A antibodies/iron protein proteins.
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What is the target of lysozyme?
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Peptidoglycan structure of Gram + cell walls.
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What is the function of the secretory component of IgA?
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Protection from proteolysis.
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Name some bacteria that specifically target the mucociliary apparatus?
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Bordetella pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae/Pseudomonas aeruginosa/Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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What are some nonimmunological components of intestinal defense?
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Acid in stomach/pancreatic enzymes/bile/Paneth cells(secrete defensins) and lysozymes and peristalsis.
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What kind of immune response is elicited by capsular polysaccharide?
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T cell independent antibodies are generated by B cells to aid macrophages in phagocytosis(opsonization)
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Why does splenectomy predispose to infection with encapsulated organisms?
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The spleen is a lymphoid organ containing B cells and macrophages needed to clear encapsulated organisms.
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What type of infections are seen following splenectomy?
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S. pneumoniae, Neisseria and Haemophilus are common
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What conditions are usually treated with splenectomy?
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Hereditary spherocytosis/Idiopathic thrombocytpaenic purpura/Trauma/Neoplasia
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Which disease is associated with autosplenectomy?
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Sickle cell anemia
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What is the role of colplement in innate immunity?
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Opsonization/phagocytosis/cytolysis and chemotaxis
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List three cytokines secreted by macrophages in innate immunity.
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1. TNF-alpha(induces inflammatory responses)
2. Interleukin-1(induces fever) 3. Interleukin-6(Induces acute phase response. |
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What is the acute phase response? Name several acute phase proteins?
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It represents a group of proteins released from the liver as part of innate immunity.
1. C-reactive protein(clears necrotic debris and may activate the classical complement pathway. 2. Haptoglobin-(conserves body iron by binding hemoglobin) 3. Fibrinogen(limits spread of bacteria). |
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What immune cells are involved in innate immunity?
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NK cells/neutrophils/macrophages
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What group of receptots allows neutrophils and macrophages to recognize conserved bacterial structures such as LPS?
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Toll-like receptors(pattern recognition)
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Neutrophils engulf bacteria and kill them by what mechanism?
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O2 dependent(respiratory burst) and O2 independent(muramidase, lactoferrin, low pH)
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What enzyme produces superoxide O2 from oxygen?
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NADPH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the neutrophil cell membrane.
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What enzyme converts superoxide(O2-) from oxygen(O2)?
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Superoxide dismutase
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Which enzyme degrades peroxide(H2O2) and thereby protects bacteria?
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Catalase.
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What enzyme forms hypochlorite(HOCL-) from peroxide(H2O2) and chloride(Cl-)?
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Myeloperoxidase. Hypochlorite is 50X more potent than peroxide at killing bacteria.
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In addition to respiratory bursts, what other free radical generating system is found in macrophages?
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) produces nitric oxide(NO).
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