Microreview67B(Viral Vaccines)

Front 1

What are the disadvantages of killed viral vaccines?

Back 1

Inactivation process may create a vaccine that generates an inadequate immune response.
Since the virus does not multiply, there is no CD-8 T cell response.
No IgA response
Shorter duration of immunity, resulting in the need for repeated vaccination or booster.

Front 2

When are most vaccines given, pre, or post exposure to disease causing agent?

Back 2

Preexposure

Front 3

How is passive immunity conferred?

Back 3

Administering preformed immune globulins.

Front 4

What is active passive immunity?

Back 4

Administering both preformed immune globulins to provide protection in the short term and a viral vaccine to provide protection in the long run.
Two examples: patients infected with rabies or hepatitis B virus are given both immune globulins and vaccine postexposure.

Front 5

What types of viral vaccines are in the research pipeline?

Back 5

Purified viral antigen produced from recombinent yeast and bacteria
DNA vaccines containing purified DNA coding for viral proteins
Currently used live viral vaccines with pathogenic virus, such as HIV, spliced into genome.

Front 6

Which vaccines should not be given to patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions to eggs? Why?

Back 6

Influenza, measles, mumps and Yellow fever vaccines as these are grown in chick embryos.

Front 7

When is Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin used?

Back 7

In patients who may have been exposed to VZV, are not immune, and are immunocompromised or pregnant.

Front 8

What is the concept of herd immunity?

Back 8

Collective immunity for a group of people. It is attained when a critical percentage of the population has been vaccinated so that unimmunized individuals are also protected.

Front 9

What trait must a vaccine absolutely confer to attain herd immunity?

Back 9

Vaccine must both prevent transmission of the disease and prevent the disease itself.