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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What types of viral vaccines induce active immunity?
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Live attenuated and killed(inactivated) vaccines.
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What are subunit vaccines?
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Subunit vaccines consist of purified protein viral components. They are similar to killed vaccines in that they do not induce a cytotoxic T-cell response.
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Name the live attenuated viral vaccines.
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Sabin polio(oral polio vaccine(OPV), influenza(intranasal), VZV, measles-mumps-rubella(MMR vaccine, yellow fever, small pox.
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Name the killed inactivated viral vaccines.
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Salk polio(inactivated polio vaccine(IPV), hepatitis A virus(HAV), influenza(IM) rabies.
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Name some subunit vaccines.
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Hepatitis B and influenza A
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What are the advantages of live viral vaccines?
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Since the virus multiplies in the host, it produces a CD8 cytotoxic T cell response.
Vaccines given by the natural route of infection induce an immunoglobulin G(IgG) and IgA response. Live viral vaccines are contagious and may spread immunity to people who were never vaccinated. Live viral vaccines produce a response that is stronger and longer and often confer lifelong protection. |
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What are the disadvantages of live viral vaccines?
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Live viral vaccines can revert to virulence and cause the very disease they are meant to prevent.
Live viral vaccines that do not revert can still cause disease in immunocompromised patients and are relative contraindications. The virus from live viral vaccines can spread to other people and hence cause disease if the vaccine reverts to virulence or if the patient is immunocompromised. |
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Regarding a disadvantage of a live viral vaccine, other viruses can contaminate live viral vaccines(in the 60s, live polio vaccine was contaminated with SV40 but no side effects have been detected in humans from SV40 exposure). TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What is the only live viral vaccine that has reverted to virulence in the past?
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Live polio vaccine(Sabin polio vaccine)
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What are the advantages of killed viral vaccines?
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Contamination less likely since the same process that kills the virus in the vaccine would also kill any contaminants
Do not revert to virulence Vaccines are heat stable so they can be used in hot climates. |
