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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the characteristic appearance of Vibrio cholerae.
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Gram neg rod with a single polar flagellum, giving it a comma shape.
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What does V. cholera require in order to cause clinical disease cholera?
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Infection of V. cholera with the CTX phage that encodes the cholera toxin.
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What is the mechanism of action of cholera toxin?
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Constitutively activates Gs via ADP-ribosylation leading to constant activation of adenylate cyclase and high levels of cAMP. This results in increased secretion of Cl- ions from intestinal cells into the GI lumen followed by positively charged Na+ ions. Water follows Na+ into the lumen leading to diarrhea.
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What are the physical findings in an individual infected with V. cholera?
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Severe dehydration from continuous watery diarrhea with a rice water appearance. Look for sunken eyes, poor skin turgor and diminished pulses.
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How is V. cholerae treated?
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Rehydration with I/V fluid and electrolytes, and glucose solution. antibiotics such as doxycycline, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin may shorten the duration.
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How is Vibrio parahemalyticus transmitted and what are the symptoms?
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V. parahemolyticus is transmitted by ingestion of undercooked seafood, and is a cause of diarrhea.
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How is Vibrio vulnificus transmitted and what are the symptoms?
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Direct inoculation of contaminated brackish water causes wound infections(opening oysters), septicemia, ingestion of raw shellfish and gastroenteritis.
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Which groups of patients are especially sensitive to V. vulnificus septicemia?
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Cirrhotic and immunocompromised patients are very susceptible(>40% mortality rate).
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