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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 5 species of bacteria that constitute normal florasof the skin.
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Staph. aureus(found in 20-55% of people
Staph. epidermidis Proprionibacterium acnes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corynebacteria |
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What common skin anerobe is implicated in the pathogenesis of acne?
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Propionibacterium acnes
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What species of acteria causes bullae and desquamated skin with epidermis that easily dislodges under pressure under pressure typically in children(Nikolsky's sign)?
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S. aureus(scalded skin syndrome by epidermolytic toxin).
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What other types of skin infections does S. aureus cause?
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Folliculitis, furuncles, bullous impetigo, and wound infections.
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What is S. aureus toxic shock syndrome?
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Systemic disease caused by superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1(TSST-1) that presents with fever, hypotension, multiorgan failure, and diffuse erythematous rash with desquamation on palms and soles.
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What is the mechanism of action of TSST-1 toxin?
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TSST-1 is a superantigen that stimulates release of large amounts of interleukin 1, IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor, leading to systemic shock.
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How is S. aureus impetigo classically described and in what population is it most common in?
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Superficial skin infection with erythema , bullae, pustules and a honey colored crust that occurs usually on the face and extremities of children.
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What other species of bacteria cause impetigo?
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Strep. pyogenes
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Why must S. pyogenes impetigo be treated?
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S. pyogenes impetigo should be treated because of an association with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
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What disease is caused by S. pyogenes that presents with maculopapular rash classically described as a sandpaper rash and a strawberry tongue?
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Scarlet fever caused by erythrogenic toxin.
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What is the mechanism of action the erythrogenic toxin?
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It acts as a superantigen, similar to the toxin produced by S. aureus in toxic shock syndrome.
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S. pyogenes is also the leading cause of which superficial skin infection?
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Cellulitis
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Which inflammation related enzyme produced by S. pyogenes is known as spreading factor because of ts ability to enable the rapid spread of S. pyogenes in cellulitis?
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Hyaluronidase, which degrades hyaluronic acid, an important component of the subcutaneous tissue.
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What are other important causes of cellulitis?
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S. aureus and occasionally gram negative rods such as E. coli and P.multocida.
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What 2 species of bacteria commonly cause I/V catheter related infections?
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S. epidermidis and S. aureus.
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What species of bacteria cause rose spots, which are rose colored macules on the abdomen and is associated with high fever, constipation, a tender abdomen and an enlarged spleen?
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Salmonella typhi(typhoid fever)
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What species of bacteria cause erythema migrans, an expanding, erythematous, nonpruritic rash with a clear center at the site of a tick bite?
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Borrelia burgdorferi(Lyme disease)
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What family of bacteria causes a rash characterized by petecchiae and purpura following tick or louse bite?
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Rickettsia family, Rickettsia rickettsi(RMSF), Rickettsi typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii(typhus)
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Which Rickettsial disease causes an outward spread of rash and which causes an inward spread?
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The rash of typhus(R. typhi and R. prowazekii) begins on the trunk and spreads outward to the periphery. The rash of RMSF(R. rickettsi) begins on the wrists and ankles, then spreads inward to the trunk and to the palms and soles.
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What species of bacteria is the slowest growing human bacterial pathogen, has optimal growth at temperatures lower than body temperature, is cultured in mouse footpads or armadillos, and causes Hansen's disease?
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Which form of leprosy involves a cell mediated response that limits the growth of M. leprae, a positive lepromin skin test, and microscopic exam showing few acid fast bacilli and granulomatous containing giant cells?
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Tuberculoid leprosy
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What are some clinical findings associated with tuberculoid leprosy?
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A single or few skin lesions, which are hypopigmented, macular and anesthetic, and thickened superficial nerves that can be pappated, commonly ulnar, posterior tibial and perineal.
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Lepromatous leprosy involves a poor cell mediated response to M. leprae, a negative lepromin skin test, and microscopic exam showing a large number of acid fast bacilli with foamy histiocytes. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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What are the clinical findings associated with leprosy?
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Diffuse involvement of the skin with multiple nodular lesions, commonly resulting in the disfigurement of the hands and the face(leonine facies). Involvement of the eyes, nerves, testes and upper airway is also common.
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Dapsone is the mainstay of leprosy treatment, although additional drugs are recommended because of emerging resistance. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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What species of bacteria causes a black eschar with significant local edema that may progress to bacteremia and eath if left untreated?
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bacillus anthrax, cutaneous anthrax acquired via implantation of spores into skin.
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What Gram + anerobe is a normal flora of the oral cavity but can cause oral/facial abscesses with sulfur granules draining through sinus tracts of te skin?
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Actinomyces israelii(sulfur granules do not contain sulfur).
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What species of bacteria cause a maculopapular rash on the palms and soles, moist lesions of the genitals, patchy alopecia and constitutional symptoms?
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Treponema pallidum
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What is the name of the moist lesions of the genitals and intertriginous regions, which are rich in spirochetes and highly contagious in secondary syphili?
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Condyloma lata
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What is the name of the granulomas that affect the skin and bones in tertiary syphilis?
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Gummas
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