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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the signs and symptoms during secondary bacteremia?
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Fever, pulse dissociation(high fever with slow pulse), leukopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, slightly elevated liver function tests.
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What are the symptoms in chronic carriers?
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Usually none, but these patients are a public health concern as they are reservoirs for infection?
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At what stages is the blood culture positive and at what stages is the stool culture positive?
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Blood cultures are positive during secondary bacteremia. The stool culture can be transiently positive during intestinal invasion, but is always positive in chronic carriers.
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What is the treatment for acute typhoid fever?
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Fluoroquinolones or 3rd generation cephalosporin or azithromycin in patients with acute disease?
Regarding chronic carriers, (6 weeks) high dose ciprofloxacin works 80% of the time in patients without gallstones but only 25% of the time in patients with gallstones. Patients who fail therapy require a cholecystectomy. |
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Which gram - rod has strains of bacteria that can produce both a watery diarrhea and a bloody diarrhea. The bloody diarrhea is the bane of fast food beef?
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E. coli
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What specific E. coli strain produces enterohemorrhagic diarrhea?
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E. coli0157:H7(EHEC)
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Why does E. coli 0157:H7 produce bloody diarrhea while other strains do not?
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Probably because the 0157:H7 has a verotoxin that kills cells of the gut mucosa.
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How does E. coli0157:H7 acquire the verotoxin?
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Through lysogenic conversion.
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In lab diagnosis, how is E. coli 0157:H7 distinguished from other E. coli starins?
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It does not ferment sorbitol.
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Should antibiotics be used in the treatment of diarrhea caused by E. coli 0157:H7?
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No. This predisposes to hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS) which is life threatening.
HUS is given by acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia, microvascular coagulation and thrombocytopaenia. |
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What else causes HUS?
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Shigella, although 70% of hemorrhagic diarrhea associated HUS in the US is caused by EHEC.
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Other than C. jejuni, what curved gram - rod causes bloody diarrhea?
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V. parahemolyticus
Contaminated seafood is the source for V. parahemolyticus. |
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What species of bacteria cause fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain and is commonly confused with appendicitis?
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Yersinia enterolitica
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