Microorganism 1 Terminology

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zoonosis

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animal disease transmissible to human beings

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opportunistic microorganism

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microorganism that exists as part of the normal lora but vecomes pathogenic when transferred from normal habitat into other areas of host or when host resistance is lowered

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nosocomial

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describing disease acquired in a hospital

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normal flora

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live in or on body surfaces of normal healthy individuals without causing harm

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microbiota

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normal microscopic flora and fauna of plants and animals

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commensalism

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symbiotic relationship which one species derives benefit and other is unharmed

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pathogen

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any virus microorganism or other substance causing disease

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etiology

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science and study of the causes of disease and their mode of operation

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pathogenicity

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condition or quality of being pathogenic or ability to cause disease

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pathogenesis

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pathologic, physiologic, or biochemical mechanism resulting in the development of a disease or morbid process

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saprobe

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organism that lives upon dead organic material

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saprophyte

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organism that grows on dead organic matter, plant, or animal

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prodromal stage

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onset of clinical signs of illness at end of the incubation period

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mortality

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proportion of deaths in a group of sick animals, death rate

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morbidity

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1. diseased state 2. ratio of sick to well in community

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immune/immunity

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free from the possibility of acquiring a given infectious disease

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culture

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1. propagation of microorganisms on or in media of various kinds 2. mass of microorganisms on or in a medium

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colony

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group of cells growing on a solid nutrient surface, each arising from the multiplication of individual cell

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carrier

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animal that harbors specific infectious agent in the absence of discemible clinical disease and serves as potential source of infection

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antibody

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serum proteins produced by an animal in response to introduction of antigen

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labile

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instable or instead, easily changed by physical, chemical or biological process

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incubation period

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development without sign or symptom of an infection from time the infectious agent gains entry until the appearance of the first signs or symptoms

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epizootic

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1.occurrence of disease affecting large numbers of animals within a short time usually spreading rapidly 2. outbreak of disease in an animal population

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exogenous infections

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originating or produced outside of the organism

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endogenous infection

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originating or produced within the organism or one of its parts

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contagious disease

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disease that is communicable or transmissible by contact with sick or their fresh secretions or excretions

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chronic disease

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condition of slow onset in which conditions persist for a long period of time

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acute disease

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rapid development of clinical illness reaching peak and ending fairly quickly

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bacteremia

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presence of viable bacteria in the blood

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virulence

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disease evoking power of pathogen

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virulent

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extremely toxic denoting a markedly pathogenic microorganism

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avirulent

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lacking capacity to produce disease

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attenuated

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made less virulent for particular host

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antigen

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any substance that as a result of coming in contact with appropriate cells induces a state of sensitivity and/or immune responsiveness after a latent period

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agar

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relatively inert polysaccharide, derived from seaweed and used as a solidifying compound, mainly in culture media