Micronutrients

Front 1

deficiency thiamin

Back 1

chronic peripherial neuritis, wernicke's encephalopathy w/ korsakof psycohsis, lactic acidosis

Front 2

riboflavin decificiency

Back 2

chelosis, desquamation and inflammation of tongue, seborrheic dermatitis

Front 3

deficiency niacin

Back 3

pellagra

Front 4

deficiency folic acid

Back 4

megoblastic anemia

Front 5

deficiency ascorbic acid

Back 5

scurvy: defective collagen synthesis, subcutaneous and other hemorrhages, muscle weakness, soft swollen gums, loose teeth

Front 6

characteristics ascorbic acid (vit c)

Back 6

plant sources, maintain integrity collagen, derivative 6C-aldehyde glucose, anxitoxidant by sparing vit a / e

Front 7

thiamin absorption and transport

Back 7

prox small intestin, muscosal uptake coupled to phosp of thiamin to tpp, in erythrocytes and phosphate esters

Front 8

riboflavin absorption and transport

Back 8

prox small intestines, carrier-mediated, atp required, hydrolytic cleavage free riboflavin, fmn

Front 9

panthenoate absorption and transport

Back 9

ACP, coA, jejnum, in erythrocyte, ceullular uptake, sodium dept transport and facilitated diffusion

Front 10

vit a active forms

Back 10

retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

Front 11

retinol

Back 11

steroid hormone

Front 12

retinal

Back 12

visual cycle

Front 13

retinoic acid

Back 13

streoid hormone

Front 14

properties isoprenoid vitamins

Back 14

actived 5C units- isoprene derivs, apolar hydrophoibic, depends on lipids, stored in excess, similar structures

Front 15

deficiencies vit a

Back 15

follicular hyperkeratosis- goosebumps, anemia, nighblindedness, xerophthalimia

Front 16

xerophthalmia

Back 16

keratinization of cornea, infection, hemorrhaging of eye and permanent loss of vision

Front 17

visual cycle

Back 17

retinal = prosthetic group of opsin- forms rhodopsin and iodopsin -rods, trans forms

Front 18

rhodopsin

Back 18

serpentine receptor, integral protein w/ 7 transmembrane alpha helices

Front 19

parathyroid hormone effect on vit d

Back 19

decrease causes formation 24, 25-OH2 D, increases cause production 1, 25 OH2D

Front 20

vit d and kidney effect

Back 20

calcitrol induce synthesis of calbinden (ca transport) opens volt gated ca channel and absorption

Front 21

vit d and intestinal mucosal cells

Back 21

calcitrol - syntehsis of calbinden, opens volt channels, ca absorption

Front 22

effects of serum calcium increase and decrease

Back 22

decrease: increase PTH, calcitrol, absorption
increase : opposite

Front 23

precursors of vit d

Back 23

ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol d3

Front 24

cholecalficerol

Back 24

produced in skin by uv irradition of 7-dehydrocholesterol, from egg yolk, fish

Front 25

vit d deficiences

Back 25

rickets, osteomalacia, metastic calcification

Front 26

rickets

Back 26

formation osteoid matrix and cartilage - improperly materialized to soft pliable bones

Front 27

osteomalacia

Back 27

demineralization of pre-existing bone, bone becomes softer

Front 28

metastic calcification

Back 28

enhanced calcium absorption - hypercalcemia

Front 29

char vit e

Back 29

lipid soluble antioxident in cell mem, maintains fluidity, cell signaling

Front 30

vit e deficiency

Back 30

resorption fetuses and testicular atrophy and hemolytic anemia- fragile rbc

Front 31

metabolic effects vit e

Back 31

immunostimulatory fxn, regulate clel proliferation and gene expression, chemopreventive- modifty ldl, chemotherapuetic -inhibit pkc and protect liver against carcinogens

Front 32

vit k deficiencies

Back 32

absnormal precursor prothrombin, increased coagulaiton time, fetal warfarin syndrome

Front 33

vit k characteristics

Back 33

found as k1 (phytylmenaquinone) in green veggies and k2 multiprenlymenaquinone- intestinal bacteria

Front 34

3 compounds w/ biologic activity vit k

Back 34

phylloquinone- green vegies, menaquinone- inestinal bac, menadione - active form vit k