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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Necessary for immunity ,retinal health,tissue differentiation
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Vitamin A
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Maintains Ca/ Phos concentrations
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Vitamin D
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Alpha-tocopherol. Antioxidant and free radical scavenger
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Vitamin E
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Phylloquinone. Plant origin or made by GI bacterial flora. Cofactor in the genesis of circulatory proteins
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Vitamin K
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Coenzyme in ATP synthesis. May have additional role in neuronal conduction.
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Thiamine
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Essential as hydrogen donors/electron acceptors in myriad metabolic reactions
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Niacin
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Essential in nucleotide synthesis and amino acid metabolism
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Folate
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Synthesized by microorganisms. Coenzyme essential in CHO and lipid and amino acid metabolism as well as synthesis of purines and pyrimidines.
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B12 - Cobalamin
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Deficiency results from impaired intestinal absorption or changes in microflora . Atrophic gastritis,pancreatic insufficiency, pernicious anemia . Dietary deficiency rare.
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B12 - Cobalamin
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Co-enzyme in gluconeogenesis,neurotransmitter synthesis.
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B6- pyridoxine.
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synthesis by GI flora. Co-enzyme in critical pathways for CHO and lipid metabolism.
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Biotin-
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role in synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol-derived hormones and the porphyrin ring of heme.
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Pantothenic acid-
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Antioxidant. Biosynthesis of collagen,bile acids and norepinephrine.
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Vitamin C
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potentiates insulin action
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Chromium-
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enzyme component (ferroxidases)
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Copper-
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incorporation into bony strucures
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Fluorine-
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integrated into thyroid hormones
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Iodine-
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concentrated in mitochondria
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Manganese-
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Molybdenum
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enzyme cofactor
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Selenium
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antioxidant
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Role in hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis.
Essential component for bacterial metabolism. |
Iron
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Essential component of more than 100 enzymes including DNA/RNA polymerase.
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Zinc
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-enhances wound closure ,may counter catabolic effects steroid tx, supports immunocompetence.
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Vitamin A
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Use with caution in patients with hepatic,renal dysfunction or elderly patients.
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Vitamin A
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needed for collagen formation, improves resistance to infection.
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Vitamin C-
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Use with caution in patients with renal failure-especially if prone to oxaluria
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Vitamin C-
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enzyme cofactor needed for cellular replication and collagen formation. Low levels associated with decreased wound strength and delayed healing
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Zinc-
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in wound healing needed for collagen cross-linking.
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B vitamins-thiamin and riboflavin
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_______ not recommended for wound healing
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Vitamin E
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Complication of nutritional support that may result in increased morbidity and mortality.Hallmark is hypophospatemia,hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia due to intracellular shifts
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Refeeding syndrome
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Necessary for CHO ,protein and fat metabolism,bone matrix,generation of ATP, structural component of RNA/DNA. Low levels can result in cardiac and respiratory failure, osteomalacia,ATN,ileus
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PHOSPHOROUS
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Essential in DNA replication,cellular metabolism, nerve conduction
low levels associated with neuromuscular excitability,sz,tetany, muscle weakness |
MAGNESIUM
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Muscle weakness,ileus,cardiac arrhythmias are possible clinical manifestations of low levels.
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POTASSIUM
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_______ deficiency may be an issue in patients with anorexia nervosa,EtOH abuse.Manifests as heart failure,Wernicke’s encephalopathy
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Thiamine
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In Refeeding syndrome, "starved heart” characterized by atrophy of cardiac muscle. Intolerance to high fluid and glucose loads. ______ deficiency contributes to cardiomyopathy.
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Selenium
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most common cause of nutritional anemia, primarily in women due to menses and increased demands of pregnancy. Dietary deficiency common in children.
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Iron deficiency
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other vitamen causes of anemia
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B12 & folate
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