Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
VITAMINS
|
Essential ORGANIC substances
(alive/can be killed) catorgarized by solubility |
|
|
VITAMINS
|
Do NOT contain or yeild energy and coenzymes
|
|
|
COENZYMES
|
A compound that combines w/an inactive enzyme to form a catalytically active form
|
|
|
NATURAL VS. SYNTHETIC
|
NATURAL VITAMINS- derieved from whole foods, or supplements made from whole foods
|
|
|
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
|
VITAMINS A, D, E, K
|
|
|
FAT-SOLUBLE
|
stay in system for a long time and can cause toxicity (except VIT K b/c of excreation)
|
|
|
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
|
VITAMINS B C
|
|
|
WATER-SOLUBLE
|
can run deficiency b/c of excreation
(except B6 can cause toxicity |
|
|
CLICKER QUESTION:
'Natural vitamins are more effective than synthetic vitamins" |
FALSE: it doesn't matter where they come from = synthetic are more bio available
|
|
|
MINERALS
|
Minerals are IN-ORGANIC and cannot be killed (destroyed)
|
|
|
CLICKER QUESTION:
Storage method that preserves most vitamin content in foods = |
FREEZING
|
|
|
Microwaving destroys food than any other cooking method
|
FALSE
|
|
|
BIOAVAILABILITY FACTORS
|
How well your body can digest, absorb and use the nutrient
|
|
|
FOOD STORAGE & PREPERATION
|
exposure to air light, heat will distroy water soluble vitamins first and then fat soluble vitamins second
|
|
|
NUTRIENT STATUS
|
depends on how much is already in the body's system
more body has the less it absorbs |
|
|
BINDERS
|
FIBER BINDERS
apect of fiber that binds to minerals to prevent body from absorbing it surrounds and protects to make less acid bioavailable PHYTIC acid- cereal grains OXALIC acid- leafy green veggies TANNINS- teas/coffees |
|
|
FOOD SOURCES
|
plant vs. animal- easier to consume animal over plant
whole vs. refiend soil content-depends on content in soil |
|
|
MINERAL INTERACTIONS
|
calcium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium
cant absorb a bunch of minerals equally like calcium/iron |
|
|
SUPPLEMENTS-VERIFICATION
|
...
|
|
|
INTEGRITY
|
product contains what it says it does
|
|
|
PURITY
|
try to screen for heavy metal containments steroids
2 potential reasons there is contamination 1) it will actually work 2) processed in warehouse where other products are produced |
|
|
DISSOLUTION
|
does that product break down in the body
|
|
|
govt. does not have jurisdiction over supplements
|
hydroxycut- causes liver damage
|
|
|
CLICKER QUESTION:
which of the following food/supplement claims require FDA approval |
NONE
|
|
|
STRUCTURE FUNCTION CLAIMS
|
"improves memory"
"relieves stress" "suppresses stress" |
|
|
DSHEA '94:
(prevents FDA from "pre" regulation |
Classifies vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs as FOODS
(FDA must prove the "food" is unsafe before it is pulled off the shelf) |
|
|
CANCER
|
abnormal and uncontrolled division of cells
some cancers is caused by free radicals |
|
|
STAGES
|
...
|
|
|
INITIATION
|
INITIATION:
the DNA that controls cel replication becomes corrupted which can be caused by free radicals |
|
|
PROMOTION
|
DNA signals cells to replicate incontrollably
|
|
|
PROGRESSION
|
those cells hop into blood system and moves to rest of body
|
|
|
ANTIOXIDANTS
|
may reduce risk of cancer
lowers oxidation damage to many antioxidants can act as prooxidants |
|
|
PHYTOCHEMICALS
|
MICRO NUTRIENTS
|
|
|
OXIDATION
|
O2 stealing an electron
|
|
|
CLICKER QUESTION:
which micronutrient protects PUFA's in LDL? |
Vitamin E
|
|
|
FUNCTIONS OF BONES
|
structure
protection of vital organs movement(w/attatchment of muscles) calcium bank- plays role in blood clotting |
|
|
BONE STRUCTURE
|
TRABECULAR BONE (SPONGY)
-porus -creates the ends of long bones |
|
|
...
|
CORTICAL BONE (COMPACT)
-covers spongy bones |
|
|
BONE REMODELING/TURNOVER
|
bone tissue- alive
|
|
|
OSTEOBLASTS CELLS
|
lays down collagen fibers (needs Vit. C)
-builds bones -HYDROXYAPATIE-is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite |
|
|
FREE RADICAL
|
an unstabel atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell
with the loss of an electron the nearby molecule becomes a free radical and it looks to aquire an electron from another adjacent molecule happens during oxidation |
|
|
OSTEOCLASTS
|
breaks down bone
"resorption" if u are not getting adequate amounts of diatary calcium then osteoclasts will break down an area of bone that isnt being used as often |
|
|
CALCIUM
|
most abundant amount of mineral in body
bone strength nerve impulses muscle contraction acid-base balance |
|
|
deficiency
|
osteopenia- weak bone
osteoporosis- porus bone |
|
|
toxicity
|
clacification of soft tissue
kidney stones mineral imbalances |
|
|
VITAMIN D
|
fat soluble vitamin
hormone-pro hormone-body produces enough .50 mg/day |
|
|
dificiency
|
Rickets-young children
osteomalacia-adults soft and serverly curved bones sunshine vitamin fortified foods |
|
|
CLICKER QUESTION:
what age does peak bone density occur |
30 years old
|
|
|
B COMPLEX VITAMINS
|
function- energy/metabolism
deficiency-skin/GI tract, nervous system toxicity- none fource- whole and enriched grains/meats |
|
|
PELLEGRA
|
only micronutrient deficiency that took to epidemic levels
Niacine was lacking in refiend foods |
|
|
ENRICHMENT ACT 1941
|
dr. goldberg
nutrient lost through milling, refining, processed thiamin,riboflavin,niacin,folate, iron |
|
|
IODINE
|
function-thyroid hormones
def- goiter enlarged thyroid gland tox-goiter source- iodized salt, bread dairy |
|
|
CHRONIUM
|
func-enhances insulin action
def- hyperglycemia tox- none sources- meat, whole grains, nuts does not build muscle or burn fat |
|
|
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
|
erythrocytes- red blood cells
leukocytes- white blood cells platelets- cell fragments aloowing blood flow plasma- fluid volume |
|
|
VITAMIN K
|
func- kogulation-slowing down and clotting of blood
def- hemoraging- uncontrolled bleeding tox- none (only fat soluble vitamin that we excrete regularly source- green veggies |
