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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungus cell membrane component that amphotericin B binds
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ergosterol; amphotericin B binds and causes membrane leaks
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Fungus cell wall component that makes it chitinous
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polysaccharide (like arthropod exoskeleton)
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Are most fungal pathogens fast or slow growing?
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Slow - weeks. Aspergillus is notable exception
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Most prevalent systemic mycoses in US
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Histoplasmosis
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Where is histoplasma found?
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-Central US river valleys, prefer mixtures of soil and bat / bird droppings
-Also Africa and Middle East |
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What clinical outcomes can histoplasmosis include?
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-Enters via lungs and causes pneumonia with "snowflake" calcifications.
-May present with tongue ulcer. -CXR may indicate lung ca or TB. - May spread to bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, adrenals, kidney. |
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Where do you find cocci?
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Soil in US Southwest;
Mexico and South America |
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Though asymptomatic, your patient has a serology positive for cocci. You decide to monitor her without treating. What in her history might make her more likely to require treatment in the future?
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Asian / African descent (disseminated infection likelier)
plans to get pregnant, or AIDS |
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How do you treat CNS disseminated cocci?
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intrathecal amphotericin B
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What term is used to describe a CXR indicative of cocci?
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"eggshell" calcified cavity
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Cocci is dimorphic. Which form is infectious to humans?
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Mold form.
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You look under a microscope at a tissue biopsy from a patient with persistant cough, and see a HUGE spherule with lots of little bubbles inside. What fungus do you suspect [is among us]?
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Cocci in spherule form. The little bubbles are spores that will rupture out of that disgusting spherule
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What fungus causes acute valley fever, aka erythema nodosum?
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Cocci disseminated to skin
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You have a patient from the great state of Missouri. He has a rt forearm lesion that looks wrinkly and erupting with smaller lesions, as well as a persistent cough beginning 4 weeks prior. You take a sample of the lesion, and a blood sample, neither of which are diagnostic. What is the likeliest cause of your patient's symptoms?
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Blastomycosis
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What fungus is known for it's broad-based buds in yeast form?
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Blastomycosis
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Your active, feisty 67 year old patient returns from an extended mission trip to Peru. She is feeling fine, but has a volcano-looking lesion on her neck, and another bump on the skin over her jaw that appeared within the past few weeks. HEENT is significant for lymphadenopathy. You biopsy the lesion, which has large yeast with mariner's wheels appearance, diagnostic for this fungus .
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Paracocci (South American Blasto)
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Your aunt, an avid gardener, does not like wearing gloves, dispite your continued encouragement that she do so, because she "enjoys the feel of the dirt on her hands." You notice a lesion on her fingers, and another one up her arm. She most likely has this infection, which could be confirmed by finding cigar-shaped yeast and flower-looking asteroid bodies isolated from the lesion.
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Sporotrichosis
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What common opportunistic infection can be identified by it's pseudohyphae?
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C albicans
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At least one member of this normally opportunistic yeast family found in bird droppings may cause respiratory disease in otherwise healthy hosts. Their polysaccharide capsule help them evade immune response. You can identify samples from CSF, blood or urine with an India Ink or mucicarmine stain.
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Cryptococcosis
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A 26 year old Burmese man with history of TB shows up in the ER in acute respiratory distress. Luckily, your excellent history taking and timely CXR indicate this opportunistic fungal ball growing in his lung, so you treat him with voriconazole, more preferable than amphotericin B for this fungus.
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Aspergillis
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This necrotizing infection of the paranasal sinuses and orbig produces a black exudate.
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Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)
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This superficial pathogen, spread person to person may look like spaghetti and meatballs under the microscope.
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Ringworm
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This anaerobic, fungal-looking bacteria may cause "lumpy jaw," Pelvic Inflammatory Disease or a rectal fistula.
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Actinomyces israelii
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You might see this aerobic fungal-looking bacteria in a suppurative lung or CNS infection in an advanced AIDS patient. You may identify it via acid-fast stain.
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Nocardia asteroides
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