Microbiology/immunology Quiz 2 Block I

Front 1

Cytokine responsible for T cell proliferation and differentiation

Back 1

IL-2

Front 2

Cytokine responsible for activation of mononuclear phagocytes, increases MHC class I and II expression, activates endothelial cells, activates neutrophils and NK cells and anti-viral activity

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IFN-γ

Front 3

This type of cell produces IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNFα

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Th1

Front 4

This type of cells produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6

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Th2

Front 5

These two cell types are responsible for activation of mononuclear phagocytes and other cells, cytotoxic effects:

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TNFα
TNFβ

Front 6

Growth factor for hemopoitic cells. Increase production of granulocytes and monococytes by bone marrow.

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IL-3, GM-CSF

Front 7

Major eosinophil growth and differentiation factor, Increases IgA production

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IL-5

Front 8

These two cytokines produced by Treg cells have inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation

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TGFβ1, IL-10

Front 9

Induces proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytic precursors (T and B cells)

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IL-7

Front 10

Proliferation and differentiation of myeloid precursor cells. Induces production of granulocytes, moncytes and mast cells

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IL-3

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Differerntiation of granulocytic and monocytic cells. activation of mature granulocytes and monocytes

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GM-CSF

Front 12

Acute phase response chemokine. Activation of lymphocytes and increased antibody production.

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IL-6

Front 13

Activation of NK cells. Induces differentiation of CD4 into Th1

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IL-12

Front 14

Chemokines act through which type of receptors?

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G-protein coupled receptors

Front 15

These chemokines promote the migration and activation of neutrophils and naive T cells.

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CXC

Front 16

These chemokines promote the migration of monocytes, activated T cells and other cell types, including eosinophilic and dendritic cells.

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CC

Front 17

Chemokine receptors play a significant role in which widespread disease?

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HIV-AIDS - two receptors have been reported to act as the primary co-receptors for entry into cells

Front 18

Infection with viruses induces the production of certain cytokines known as ______.

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Interferons

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Leukocyte interferon type I

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IFNα

Front 20

Fibroblast interferon type I

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IFNβ

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Immune interferon Type II

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IFNγ

Front 22

This cytokine is necessary for lymphocyte proliferation and expansion and is the main T-cell growth factor

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IL-2

Front 23

Cytokine transmembrane signaling is through which proteins?

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JAK-STAT

Front 24

All viruses with mRNA like genome have which essential replication step targeted by antiviral drugs:

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Viral protease cleaving viral polyprotein

Front 25

Herpes, Adeno and Pox viruses have which kind of DNA?

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Linear dsDNA

Front 26

Papilloma and Polyoma viruses have which type of DNA?

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Circular dsDNA

Front 27

Parvoviruses have which type of DNA?

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Linear ssDNA

Front 28

Hepatitis B virus have which type of DNA?

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Circular ds/ssDNA

Front 29

Morphological protein subunits of capsids visible with EM

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Capsomeres

Front 30

Number and spatial arangements of capsomeres and diameter of capsid are _____________.

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Unique to each family of viruses

Front 31

Formed by protein-RNA interactions rather than protein self assembly

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helical nucleocapsids

Front 32

All -ssDNA virus families have what?

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Envelopes

Front 33

What is the benefit of the more fragile lipid envelope on viruses?

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They can enter and exit the cells more effeciently.

Front 34

Only this type of virion can survive passage through the stomach to replicate in the intestines and be effeciently transmitted by fecal-oral route

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Naked-icosohedral

Front 35

Contagious lipid-enveloped virions are transmitted by ___________.

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Respiratory Droplets

Front 36

Viral enveloped glycoproteins are the important antigens/immunogens for which type of viruses?

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lipid enveloped viruses

Front 37

Viral capsid proteins are the important antigens/immunogens for which type of viruses?

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Naked icosahedral viruses

Front 38

Replicate their genomes via multistranded replicative intermediates to rapidly produce large numbers of RNA

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ssRNA viruses

Front 39

Multinucleated cells formed by fusion of infected cells with adjacent uninfected cells

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Syncytia

Front 40

Syncitia- multinucleated cells are characteristic of all ___________

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Paramyxoviruses

Front 41

These three complement fragments, when produced in large quantities or injected systemically, produce a generalized circulatory collapse, producing a shock-like syndrome

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C3a, C4a, and C5a

Front 42

Of the three anaplylaxotoxins, which one has the highest specific biological activity?

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C5a

Front 43

A diagnostic feature dertermined from assays of total serum C3 and C4.

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Hypocomplementemia

Front 44

Asthma allergic response in the lungs is largely mediated through _____________ complexes that trigger histamine release from mast cells.

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IgE antibody-allergen complex

Front 45

This disease is initiated by IgG antibodies that develop the ubiquitous enzyme GPI and form immune complexes that bind C3b without activating the classical pathway:

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SLE

Front 46

This component of the complement system is deficient in SLE, nephritis, recurrent infections, and high mortality rate

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C1q

Front 47

This component of the complement system is deficient in immune complex disease, recurrent infections, and arthritis.

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C1r or C1s

Front 48

This component of the complement system is deficient in hereditary angioedema

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C1-INH (inhibitory)

Front 49

Non-competetive protease inhibitor that inactivates both C1 and kallikrein

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C1-INH

Front 50

This disease is characterized by swelling of the epiglottis, abdomen or extremities, and low C1-INH, low C4 but normal C3

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Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema

Front 51

Prevents formation of membrane attack complex on autologous or allogenic cells. Widely expressed on membranes

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CD59

Front 52

Single celled fungi that reproduces by budding (asexual)

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Yeast

Front 53

Multicellular, true filamentous fungi that have branching hyphae

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Mold

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Type of fungi with hyphae with few or no cross walls or septations, are large in diameter and responsible for several important human pathogens- Rhizopus and Mucor

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Zygomycetes

Front 55

Ascopores produces in sac like structure called an ascus- includes yeasts and molds

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Ascomycetes

Front 56

This group of fungi have one pathogen, cryptococcus

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Basidiomycetes

Front 57

This cholesterol like component of the plasma membrane of fungi is the primary target of many anti-fungal antibiotics

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Ergosterol

Front 58

Most pathogenic fungi reproduce how?

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Asexually

Front 59

In this type of fungi, budded cells are referred to as blastospores or blastoconidia

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Yeasts

Front 60

When unfavorable conditions arise for molds, they produce specialized asexual sporilation structures with thick walled spores called _________.

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Conidia

Front 61

This type of fungal infection ususally intiates in the lungs and spreads to other organs

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Invasive/Systemic

Front 62

Fungi are classified base on structres that produce what?

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Sexual spores

Front 63

Most fungal pathogens are from which group?

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Deuteromycetes- Fungi imperfecti

Front 64

This class of fungi is very common in outdoor air

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Ascomycetes

Front 65

Systemic signs of this disease include lassitude, weight loss, generalized skin rashes

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parasitic infections

Front 66

Name the four primary types of parasites:

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Protozoa
Nematodes
Cestodes
Trematodes

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Protozoa that move by pseudopodia

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Amoeba

Front 68

Protozoa that move by cilia

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Ciliates

Front 69

Protozoa that move by flagella

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Flagellates

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Two types of protozoa that lack locomotion

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Coccidia and Sporozoa

Front 71

This classification of parasites includes nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes

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Helminths

Front 72

Roundworms

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nematodes

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tapeworms

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cestodes

Front 74

flukes, flatworms

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trematode