Microbiology/immunology: Lange Ch. 58: Cellular Basis Of The Immune Response: Block I

Front 1

During embryonic development blood cell precursors originate mainly in which two areas?

Back 1

Fetal liver and yolk sac.

Front 2

The ratio of T cells to B cells is what?

Back 2

3:1

Front 3

The most important antigens recognized in the graft rejection process:

Back 3

MHC proteins

Front 4

These cells recognize and kill target cells without an antigen receptor tand without antigen presentation with MHC proteins:

Back 4

Natural Killer cells

Front 5

Destroy cells by detecting that they do not display class I MHC proteins on their cell surface

Back 5

NK Cells

Front 6

Two main functions of macrophages:

Back 6

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation (MHC II) .

Front 7

All T cells have ____ proteins on their surface in association with antigen receptors .

Back 7

CD3

Front 8

This type if CD4 cells helps activate cytotoxic T cells by producing IL-2 and help initiate the delayed hyperseneitivity response by producing primarily IL-2 and gamma interferon.

Back 8

Th-1 Cells

Front 9

This type of Cd4 cells preform the B cell helper function by producing IL-4 and IL-5

Back 9

Th-2 Cells

Front 10

This cytokine is produced by macrophages and increases the number of Th1 cells

Back 10

IL-12

Front 11

This cytokine inhibits production of Th2 cells

Back 11

Gamma interferon

Front 12

___ produced by the macrophage is necessary along with MHCII proteins for efficient helper T cell activation:

Back 12

IL-1

Front 13

In the interaction between APCs and helper T cells, a second costimulatory signal is required. What is it?

Back 13

B7 on the APC must interact with CD28 on the helper T cell.

Front 14

The interaction of B7 with ______ inhibits T cell activation by blocking IL-2 synthesis.

Back 14

CTLA-4: this restores the activated T cell to a quiescent state and plays an important role in T cell homeostasis.

Front 15

If a T cell interacts with its antigen and a costimulatory signal doesn't occur, a state of unresponsiveness called _______ ensues.

Back 15

Anergy

Front 16

Viral proteins are _______ synthesized. What other processes are involved?

Back 16

Endogenously (Type I MHC) - involves cleavage by a proteasome and association with TAP transporter.

Front 17

Extralcellularly acquired proteins are cleaved into peptide fragments within_________.

Back 17

An endosome (class II MHC).

Front 18

The MHC class II has a ___________ that is degraded in the endosome, allowing only peptides in that compartment to attach.

Back 18

invariant chain

Front 19

This lymphokine increases the expression of class II MHC proteins on APC surfaces and upregulates the immune response

Back 19

Gamma interferon

Front 20

What are the three genes at the MHC class I locus?

Back 20

A, B and C

Front 21

What are the 3 genes at the class II MHC locus?

Back 21

DP, DQ, and DR

Front 22

The TCR for antigen consists of two polypeptides, _____ and ________ which are associated with CD3 proteins.

Back 22

Alpha and Beta

Front 23

Two genes that encode the recombinase enzyme that catalyze gene rearrangements in T and B cells contributing to their diversity:

Back 23

RAG 1 and RAG 2

Front 24

Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by which two kinds of cells?

Back 24

Macrophages and helper T cells.

Front 25

In this process, antibody bound to the surface of the infected cell is recognized by IgG receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells (macrophages or NK cells) and the infected cell is killed.

Back 25

Antibody-dependent cellular toxicity

Front 26

Which two things are required to cause B cell activation by T cells?

Back 26

Interleukins (4 & 5) and CD40 ligand on T cell has to interact with CD40 on B cell to stimulated differentiation.

Front 27

In the T-cell dependent B cell response, all classs of Ig are made (A, E, G, M) but in the T-cell independent response, primarily ____ is made.

Back 27

IgM

Front 28

Where are the B cells located within the lymph node?

Back 28

Germinal centers

Front 29

This interaction is required for class switching from IgM to IgG and other immunoglobulin classes:

Back 29

CD40-CD40L
CD40L on the T cell must interact with CD40 on the B cell

Front 30

Most memory B cells have surface ____ that serves as the antigen receptor.

Back 30

IgG

Front 31

Important chemokine that attracts neutrophils and T cells to the site of infection - produced by macrophages:

Back 31

IL-8

Front 32

IL-12 and gamma interferon are potent activators of ______.

Back 32

NK Cells

Front 33

_______ are phagocytes that do not act as APC and do not display MHC II proteins.

Back 33

Neutophils

Front 34

These white blood cells are elevated in parasitic diseases and hypersenitivity disease:

Back 34

Eosinophils

Front 35

_______ circulate in the blood stream, whereas mast cells are fixed in the tissue.

Back 35

Basophils

Front 36

This interleukin is required for isotype switching:

Back 36

IL-4

Front 37

Produced by macrophages and promotes the development of Th1 cells

Back 37

IL-12

Front 38

Produced by Th2 cells and inhibits the development of Th1 cells by limiting gamma interferon production.

Back 38

IL-10

Front 39

Made by Th2 cells and mediates allergic airway disease (asthma)

Back 39

IL-13

Front 40

Inhibits the growth and activity of of T cells. Inhibits functions of macrophages, B cells, neutrophils and NK cells. Stimulated wound healing by enhancing the synthesis of collagen.

Back 40

TGF-Beta

Front 41

Activates the phagocytic and killing activitues of netrophils and increases the synthsis of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.

Back 41

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

Front 42

Made by activated helper T cells and supports the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells.

Back 42

IL-3

Front 43

Is an inflammatory mediator released primarily by macrophages that has many pro inflammatory features.

Back 43

TNF-alpha