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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between virulence and pathogenicity?
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Pathogenicity is the ability of organism to produce disease
Virulence is the structural or physiological characteristics that help organisms cause infection and disease |
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Which is the largest source of global deaths?
A. CV disease B. Diarrheal disease C. Cancer D. TB |
A. CV disease
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What is the most specific mechanism in host defenses?
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Immunoglobulins
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What are fomites?
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Inanimate objeects capable of carrying infection (doorknobs, counters)
Smooth surfaces transmit bacteria more easily than porous surfaces |
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What are three enzymes that help pathogens function?
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Hyaluronidase
Coagulase Streptokinase |
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How are leukocidins virulence factors? Leukostatins?
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Leukocidins- damage or destroy WBC's
Leukostatins- interfere w/ability of leukocytes to engulf microorganisms secreting the exotoxin |
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What is intoxication?
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Ingestion of preformed toxins
Ex: botulism food poisoning |
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What is an enterotoxin and an example of one?
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Act on tissues of the gut
Example: Cholera |
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What neurotoxin prevents muscle contraction? Relaxation?
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Botulinum-Prevents muscle contraction
Tetanus- Prevent muscle relaxation |
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What is the name of the altered toxin that has lost its abilit to cause harm but retains antigenicity?
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Toxoids
These are given as booster shots |
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What are our two types of immunity?
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Innate (nonspecific) and Adaptive (specific)
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What cells are leukotrienes produced from?
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Mast cells
Leukotrienes increase permeability and help attach phagocytes to pathogens during inflammation |
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B cells are associated with what type of immune response? T cells?
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B cells- Humoral immunity
T cells- Cell mediated immunity |
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What type of organisms are likely to cause disease mainly in hosts with impaired immunity?
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Opportunistic Pathogens
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What is the study of how disease is distributed in populations and of the factors that influence or determine this distribution?
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Epidemiology
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Which of the folllowing are more recent epidemic disease?
Botulism, Bubonic Plague, Salmonella, Polio, Influenza, SARS, Cholera, H1N1, Polio, Typhoid fever |
AIDS, influenza (also older), Anthrax, Botulism, SARS, H1N1, Mad Cow, Obesity, Salmonella
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The total number of people infected within the population at any time is which?:
Incidence rate or prevalence rate |
Prevalence rate
Incidence rate is the number of NEW cases contracted within a set population during a specific period of time |
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The number of individuals affected by a disease during a set period of time in relation to the total # of individuals in the population is..
Morbidity rate or Mortality rate? |
Morbidity Rate
Mortality rate is the # of deaths due to a disease in a population during a set period of time in relation to the total # of individuals in population |
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What are the three types of RNA viruses?
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Positive strand, negative strand and retrovirus
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Which type of RNA virus can be immediately translated into proteins upon entering the cell?
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Positive stranded
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Where does replication of RNA viruses occur in the cell? DNA viruses?
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RNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus |
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Does RNA or DNA virus mutate more rapidly?
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RNA---lacks DNA polymerase, so does not 'proofread'
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After viral DNA integrates its DNA into a cell, what is the viral DNA called?
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Prophage
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What is the most common and most severe type of influenza?
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Type A
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Which viruses causes intestinal viral infections?
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Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Calicivirus
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Which viruses cause respiratory infections?
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Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Influenza, Parainfluenza, RSV, SARS (coronavirus)
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Which viruses are viral exanthems?
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Measles, Rubella
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What are the viral hemorrhagic fevers?
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Ebola HF, Marburg HF, Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus
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What are the DNA herpes viruses?
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HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, Varicella-Zoster virus
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Which herpes virus has a vaccine?
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Varicella-Zoster Virus.
Causes chicken pox and shingles |
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Where does diseaes occur with HSV-1? HSV-2?
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HSV-1 occurs above the waist.
HSV-2 occurs below the waist |
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Which virus causes mononucleolis?
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EBV
CMV can also cause mono EBV can be asymptomatic or cause fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, inc. circulating lymphocytes and elevated leukoctye count |
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What viral heptatitis' do we have vaccinations for?
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Hep A and Hep B
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Which virus causes common warts, plantar warts and flat warts?
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HPV
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Which bacteria is leading cause of meningitis?
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Haemophilus Influenza
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What are the pyogenic gram positive cocci bacteria?
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Staph. Aureus
Coagulase Neg Staph Strep pyogenes (group A) Strep pneumoniae Group B streptococci |
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What are the bacterial infections of children?
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Diptheria (g +)
Pertusis (g-) Haemophilus Influenza (g-) Neisseria Meningitis (g-) |
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What are the sexually transmitted infections?
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Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)
Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) Granuloma Inguinale (Calymmatobacterium) |
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What bacterial infections are from animal reservoir or insect vectors?
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Brucellosis, Yersinia Pestis, tularemia, Anthrax, Listeriosis, cat Scratch disease, glanders, Bartonellosis
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What bacteria caused the bubonic plague?
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Yersinia pestis
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What does Francisella tuarensis cause?
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Tularemia
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What does Calymmatobacterium granulomatis cause?
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Granuloma Inguinale (sexually transmitted infection)
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Which bacteria is transmitted via sandflies?
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Bartonella bacilliformis
(Bartonellosis) |
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Which bacteria is spread from animals to humans, causes systemic multi organ infection with a high mortality rate?
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Listeriosis
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Which animal reservoir bacteria can cause cutaneous disease, can be inhaled and cause GI problems?
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Anthrax
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What animal reservoir bacteria is self limited, causes enalrgement of lymph and is not effected by antibiotics?
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Cat scratch disease
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How is Glanders acquired?
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Infection form equine species (horses, mules, donkeys)
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What disease does Pseudomonas mallei cause?
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Glanders
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Which strain of E. coli causes travelers diarrhea?
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Acute, self limited diarrhea and acquired from food and water |
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Which E. coli strain is NOT invasive?
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Enteropathogenic E. coli
Infants and young children. Causes diarrhea, vomiting, fever, malaise |
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What are the four strains of E. coli?
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Enteropathogenic, Enterotoxigenic, Enterohemorrhagic, Enteroinvasive
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What bacteria causes the most diarrhea and UTI?
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Escherichia coli
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Which strain of E. coli comes from contaminated meat or milk?
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Causes bloody diarrhea |
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Which two bacteria are the main cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis?
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E. coli and group B streptococci
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What bacteria causes N/V/D/F 12-48 hrs after eating contaminated food?
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Salmonella Enterocolitis
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What does salmonella typhi cause?
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Typhoid Fever
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