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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you think of when you say fungus with a capsule?***
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cryptococcous
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What is the natural reservoir for Cryptococcus neoformans?
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birds and bird droppings
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What does cryptococcus cause?
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meningoenchephalitis
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What do you plate cryptococcus on?
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bird seed agar. The laccase will metabolize phenols in the medium
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How do you tell cyptococcus neoformans from Gatti? (gatti infects the immunocompetent)
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CGB plate
Cryptococcus Gatti (turns it) Blue |
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How does cryptococcus infection start?
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starts as a respiratory infection, but leads to CSF
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What a are the CSF findings with cryptococcus infection?
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increased CSF and pressure
Low glucose in CSF |
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how do you detect cryptococcus quickly?
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latex agglutiniation test for capsule antigen in CSF
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What is the infectious form of toxoplasmosis gondii?
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the cyst form
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What is the acute disease form of T. Gondii?
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tachyzoite
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What is the chronic disease form of T. Gondii?
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bradyzoite
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What group of people is T. Gondii especially bad for?
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newly pregnant women
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What is the triad of symptoms in congenital toxoplasmosis?
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Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus Intracrainal Calcifications |
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where in the world is toxoplasmosis most common?
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hot humid climates, poor/underdeveloped areas
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What is the diagnostic stage of T. gondii?
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zoitocysts (from food) and trophozoites
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How do you diagnose T. Gondii?
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ELISA serum test for IgG or IgM
gold standard- PCR to detect parasite DNA |
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Where is Naegleria Fowleri found?
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found in the soil and fresh water
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What disease does Naegleria Fowleri cause?
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a brain infection
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What does the cyst for Naegleria Fowleri look like?
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single nuclei, comes from an amoeboid in harsh conditions
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What does the amoeboid form of Naegleria Fowleri do?
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reproductive
feeds on bacteria destroys tissue |
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When does the flagellated form of Naegleria Fowleri form?
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when growth conditions are poor, occurs very quickly
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how does Naegleria Fowleri enter the body?
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this enters via the nasal passages, and transforms into the amoeboid form
(dunking your head under water) |
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what does Naegleria Fowleri do to the brain?
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this eats the brain cells, causing necrosis
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What disease does N. fowleri cause?
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primary acute meningoencephalitis
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How long do people survive after showing signs of N. fowleri ?
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only about two weeks
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How does N. fowleri present?
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fever, stiff neck, headache, CNS inflammation= basic meningitis signs
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Where do you get N. fowleri from?
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freshwater in the summer months in southern states. found in swimming pools and ponds
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Can you get N. fowleri from drinking water?
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NO you cannot- it must find nasal passages
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How do you plate N. fowleri ?
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you grow ecoli on a plate, then streak N. fowleri over it....look for clearing zones daily...then try to identify the ameboa
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What does Acanthamoeba look like?
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this is the spiked pseudopodia guy
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What is the infectious stage of Acanthamoeba?
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the trophozoite
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How many layers does Acanthamoeba cyst wall have?
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this has 3 layers
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how does Acanthamoeba enter your body?
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via lower respiratory tract, or through broken skin
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What disease does Acanthamoeba cause?
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GAM- granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis
Ocular Acanthamoebiasis Keratitis Disseminated disease |
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What disease does Balamuthia mandrillaris?
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this causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
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What is the morphology of Balamuthia mandrillaris?
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flat pseudopodia, no flagella, no spikes, binucleate
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What are the symptoms of Balamuthia mandrillaris infection?
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rapid symptoms
Facial paralysis difficulty swallowing seizures paralysis double vision |
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what does Balamuthia mandrillaris feed on?
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this feeds on other amoeba (unlike acanthamoeba which eats bacteria)
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what other disease can come with Balamuthia mandrillaris?
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legionella pneumophila
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What do you culture Balamuthia mandrillaris on?
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primate hepatic cells or human brain cells
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