Microbiology Virulence Factors 2

Front 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 1

Adhesins: Pili a non-pilus adhesions mediate attachmen to mucin and epithelial cells

Alginate polysaccharide capsule: controlled by quorum sensing; protects from phagocytosis and antibiotic killing; turns down inflammatory response

Endotoxin: LPS -> Sepsis

Exotoxin A: Blocks potein synthesis by aDP-ribosylation of EF-2. Contributes to DERMATONECROSIS IN BURN WOUNDS.

Exoenzymes S and T: Epithelial cell damage, critical to burn pathology.

Pyocyanin: Catalyzes superoxide production to damage tissue

Elastase: damage to elastin-containing tissues

Alkaline protease: tissue destruction,

Rhamnolipid: heat-stable hemolysin that distrupts lecithin-containing tissues

Phospholipase C: heat-labile hemolysin that breaks down lipid and lecithin, leading to tissue destruction

Antibiotic resistances (5 mechanisms - beta-lactamase; downregulation of OM protein; multi-drug efflux pumps; biofilm formation; 16rRNA methylase gene)

Front 2

Escherichia Coli - general

Back 2

Endotoxin (Lipid A),
hydrophilic capsule,
antigenic variation of K and H antigens,
Type III secretion system, antibiotic resistance by plasmid,
adhesions and exotoxins

Front 3

Escherichia Coli - septicemia

Back 3

Endotoxin: Lipid A of LPS layer.

Front 4

Escherichia Coli - UPEC

Back 4

P pili - mediates adherence to uroepithelial cells;
HlyA - hemolysin, and facilitates the migration up from flushing mechanism

Front 5

Escherichia Coli - Neonatal Meningitis

Back 5

K-1 capsular antigen strain

Front 6

Escherichia Coli - Enteropathogenic (EPEC)

Back 6

Bundle-forming pili - initial loose attachment
Pedestal formation- intimin (adhesin); Type III secretion: Tir protein translocated into host cell; other proteins induce actin polymerization
LEE pathogenicity island

Front 7

Escherichia Coli - Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

Back 7

LT-I (heat labile) - like choleragen, induces cAMP mechanism that cause watery diarrhea;
Sta (heat stable) -cGMP -> hypersecretion of fluids

Front 8

Escherichia Coli - Enterohemmorhagic (EHEC)

Back 8

Shiga-like toxins/Verotoxins -
Stx-1 binds to 28S rRNA, destroys intestinal villus;
Stx-2 destroys endothelial cells

Front 9

Escherichia Coli - Enteroinvasive (EIEC)

Back 9

Plasmid carrying genes for invasion (pInv genes)

Front 10

Enteroaggregative E-coli (EAggEC)

Back 10

Bundle-forming fimbriae: mdiates autoagglutination

Front 11

Shigella (S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii)

Back 11

IpaD (adhesin for enterocytes);
IpaA and IpaB (type III secretion mechanisms that promotes invasion).
Shiga toxin (in dysenteriae) -inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving 28 rRNA (like ricin)

Front 12

Salmonellae enterica (S. typhi, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium)

Back 12

2 Type III Secretion systems: SPI-1 -> infection of "Sips" into M cells, cause actin rearrangement, membrane ruffling, invasion, and host cell death.
SPI-2: systemic infection;
ATR gene: resists acid in stomach and phagosome.

Front 13

Klebsiella (K. pneumonia, K. oxytoca

Back 13

Prominent capsule

Front 14

Enterobacter (E. cloacae) and other G-: P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella, Proteus Mirabilis.

Back 14

ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase): inactivating 3rd generation cephalosporins, and monobactams.

Front 15

Proteus (P. mirabilis)

Back 15

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase
Swarming motility
Urease: causes kidney stone formation

Front 16

Yersinia Pestis

Back 16

Type III secretion system by Yop proteins
Inject in, induce apoptosis in macrophages and suppress cytokine production.

Also 2 additional plasmids, encoding for 3 additional VFs: antiphagocytic capsule (F1 antigen), plasminogen activating protease, serum resistant factor

Front 17

Bacteroides fragilis

Back 17

Capsule inhibits phagocytosis, interferes with intraleukocytic killing;
B. fragilis toxin (BFT);
Extracellular enzymes

Front 18

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 18

Cord factor (glycolipid): mycolic acid + trehalose - prevents phagosome and lysosome fusion;
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) - triggers production o cytokines and cheokines from infected macrophages.
Resistant to disinfectants and common antibiotics

Front 19

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 19

Listeriolysin O: Exotoxin, helps to escape phaolysosome,
Phospholipase C: helps excape phagolysosome
Act A: induces actin polymerization that causes cell-cell transmission

Front 20

Legionella Pneumonia

Back 20

Prevention of phagolysosome fusion, replication in macrophages.

Front 21

Treponema pallidum

Back 21

Hyaluronidase - facilitates perivascular penitration; Fibronectin protects against phagocytosis

Front 22

Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 22

Lipoproteins that activate TLR-2; OspA (ONLY colonization); OspC (for INFECTION)

Front 23

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Back 23

P1 (terminal protein attachment factor); H2O2 production; superantigens

Front 24

Chlamydia trachomatis

Back 24

Reticulate bodies prevents phagolysosomal fusion

Front 25

Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia Prowazekii

Back 25

phospholipiase A; degrades phagosome (phagosome escape), and also causes hemolysis

Uses Host ATP