Microbiology - Virology

Front 1

Parvovirus B19 is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 1

Parvovirus B19 is a single stranded DNA virus.

Front 2

Hepatitis B virus is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 2

Hepatitis B is a double stranded DNA virus.

NOTE: enveloped

Front 3

Polyomaviruses (JC and BK) are (single or double) stranded (linear or circular) (DNA or RNA) viruses.

Back 3

Polyomaviruses (JC and BK) are double stranded circular DNA viruses.

Front 4

HPV is a (single or double) stranded (linear or circular) (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 4

HPV is a double stranded circular DNA virus.

Front 5

Adenovirus is (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 5

Adenovirus is double stranded DNA virus.

Front 6

Name 5 members of the Herpesviridae family.

Back 6

EBV, CMV, VZV, HSV, HHV8

Front 7

Members of Herpesviridae are (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) viruses.

Back 7

Members of Herpesviridae are double stranded DNA viruses.

Front 8

Members of Poxviridae are (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) viruses.

Back 8

Members of Poxviridae are double stranded DNA viruses.

NOTE: members include smallpox, vaccinia, molluscum contagiosum

Front 9

Rotavirus is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 9

Rotavirus is a double stranded RNA virus.

Front 10

Hepatitis C is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 10

Hepatitis C is a single stranded RNA virus.

NOTE: Plus-stranded single-stranded RNA

Front 11

Influenza is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 11

Influenza is a single stranded RNA virus.

NOTE: is a minus-stranded single-stranded RNA virus and enveloped

Front 12

Name 2 retroviruses.

Back 12

HIV, HTLV

Front 13

Name that cytopathic effect:
Rounding and aggregation in grape-like clusters usually in 2-10 days. Best seen in the HEP-2 line.

Back 13

Adenovirus

Front 14

Name that cytopathic effect:
Small foci of rounded cells usually in 5-21 days. Best seen in the HDF line.

Back 14

CMV

Front 15

Name that cytopathic effect:
Refractile, angular or tear-shaped in 2-8 days. Best seen in the PMK line.

Back 15

Enterovirus

Front 16

Name that cytopathic effect:
Rounded, swollen, refractile, syncytia in 1-5 days. Best seen in the HEP-2 and HDF lines.

Back 16

HSV

Front 17

Name that cytopathic effect:
Degeneration in 2-10 days. Best seen in the PMK line.

Back 17

Influenza

Front 18

Name that cytopathic effect:
CPE usually absent in 5-10 days. (2)

Back 18

Mumps and parainfluenza

Front 19

Name that cytopathic effect:
Syncytia in 3-10 days. Best seen in HEP-2 line.

Back 19

RSV

Front 20

Name that cytopathic effect:
Foci of rounded swollen refractile cells in 5-28 days. Best seen in HDF.

Back 20

VZV

Front 21

Are rapid antigen tests sensitive or not?

Back 21

Not sensitive.

NOTE: available for influenza, RSV, adenovirus

Front 22

Viral histopathology:
This virus only has intranuclear inclusions (not intracytoplasmic). Early inclusions are eosinophilic, finely granular, smaller and herpes-like; late inclusions are deeply basophilic and larger, with nucleocytoplasmic blurring (i.e. smudge cells).

Back 22

Adenovirus

Front 23

Viral histopathology:
This virus has both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. Characterized by cytomegaly, the nucleolus is often retained; single, amphophilic intranuclear (Cowdry A) inclusion forms early on. Intracytoplasmic inclusions are multiple, smaller, basophilic, GMS and PAS positive tend to form late.

Back 23

CMV

Front 24

Viral histopathology:
This virus has only intranuclear inclusions. There are no intracytoplasmic inclusions. Early inclusions are amphophilic with "ground glass" appearance; late inclusions eosinophilic, homogenous (Cowdry A) and surrounded by clear halo, with marginated chromatin; multinucleated syncytia (giant cells) and "molding".

Back 24

HSV

Front 25

Viral histopathology:
This virus does not produce inclusions.

Back 25

Influenza

Front 26

Viral histopathology:
This virus produces both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. Associated with multinucleated giant cells (a.k.a. Warthin-Findelday giant cells); intranuclear inclusions are herpes like. Intracytoplasmic inclusions are pleomorphic, deeply eosinophilic, hyalinized, and tallow-like.

Back 26

Measles

Front 27

Viral histopathology:
This virus does not produce intranuclear inclusions and only very rarely produces intracytoplasmic inclusions. Associated with multinucleated giant cells (syncytia), when intracytoplasmic inclusions are present, tend to be pleomorphic.

Back 27

Parainfluenza

Front 28

Viral histopathology:
This virus only produces intracytoplasmic inclusions and not intranuclear inclusions. Tends to form multinucleation and multiple discrete, smoothly contoured and deeply eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions.

Back 28

RSV

Front 29

Viral histopathology:
This virus only has cytoplasmic inclusions called Negri Bodies (eosinophilic balls). No syncytia.

Back 29

Rabies

Front 30

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg negative
Anti-HBc negative
Anti-HBs negative

Back 30

Never infected, never vaccinated/immunized

Front 31

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg negative
Anti-HBc negative
Anti-HBs positive

Back 31

Vaccinated/immunized

Front 32

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg positive
Anti-HBc positive (IgM)
Anti-HBs negative

Back 32

Acute infection

Front 33

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg positive
Anti-HBc positive (IgG)
Anti-HBs negative

Back 33

Chronic HBV

Front 34

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg negative
Anti-HBc positive
Anti-HBs positive

Back 34

Prior HBV infection, now recovered and immune

Front 35

What percentage of people infected with HCV will develop chronic infection?

How about cirrhosis?

HCC?

Back 35

Chronic infection: 55-85%

Cirrhosis: 10-15% of chronically infected people develop cirrhosis

HCC: 5% of those with cirrhosis develop HCC

Front 36

What are 3 extrahepatic manifestations of HCV?

Back 36

Mixed cyroglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, aplastic anemia

Front 37

What is the HCV status?
Anti-HCV negative
HCV RNA negative

Back 37

No infection

Front 38

What is the HCV status?
Anti-HCV positive
HCV RNA negative

Back 38

- False positive Anti-HCV, no infection
- Recent recovery from acute HCV

NOTE: recommend retesting in a few weeks.

Front 39

What is the HCV status?
Anti-HCV negative
HCV RNA positive

Back 39

- Possible early HCV infection
- Possible chronic HCV in immunosuppressed person
- Possible false negative anti-HCV due to hemodialysis

NOTE: recommend retesting in several weeks

Front 40

What is the HCV status?
Anti-HCV positive
HCV RNA positive

Back 40

Infected

Front 41

How many HCV genotypes?

Back 41

9

Front 42

What is the response rate of combination peginterferon alpha with ribavirin in genotypes 1, 2, and 3?

What is the most common genotype in the USA?

Back 42

Genotype 1: 40% response
Genotype 2, 3: 70% response

Most common genotype is 1 (80%).

NOTE: genotype 2 = 20%; genotype 3 = 5%

Front 43

A positive HIV Western blot is defined as what by the CDC?

Back 43

Any two of the followign bands:
- p24
- gp41
- gp120 or gp160