[Microbiology]: Viral Diseases Viii - Xvi

Front 1

Infectious hepatitis is caused by

Back 1

HAV

Front 2

Characteristics of HAV

Back 2

ssRNA, no envelope

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MOT of HAV

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FOC

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SX of HAV

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generally mild, CFR < 1%

Front 5

Why is the estimated # ca of HAV 2-3X higher than the reported # ca.?

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Mild, CFR <1%, many asymptomatic

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HAV mainly affects

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epithelial cells of gut mucosa

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TX of HAV

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SX only

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IMM to HAV

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recovery = strong immunity

Front 9

PVT of HAV

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HAVRIX, avoid raw oysters,

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After being exposed to HAV you should get a dose of

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IgG

Front 11

Serum hepatitis is caused by

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HBV

Front 12

HEV is an epidemic where?

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Developing countries of Africa, Asia, South and Central America

Front 13

SX of HEV

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Similar to HAV, 10% CFR in PG females in 3rd trimester (more serious)

Front 14

Does HEV occur in the U.S.?

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Not naturally

Front 15

Characteristics of HBV

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dsDNA

Front 16

An infective form of the virus found in the blood of a host with Hepatitis B is called

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Dane Particle

Front 17

SX of Serum hepatitis

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Similar to HAV, then liver failure

Front 18

why is liver failure a SX of HBV?

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TcCells attack infected hepatocytes

Front 19

MOT of HBV - percutaneous

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blood transfusion, dirty needles

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MOT of HBV - permucousal

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contamination of mucous membrane w/ infective bodily fluid (STD- homo male)

Front 21

Other than percutaneously and permucousaly, how is HBV transmitted

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transplacentaly (mother has HBV, neonate 80-90% infected)

Front 22

How is HBV Diagnosed?

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Presence of HBsAg

Front 23

How is Hepatitis B PVT?

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Vaccine- 3IM doses, Hepatitis Immune Globin Ab

Front 24

HDV was termed

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The delta agent

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HDV is a co infection of

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HBV

Front 26

Hepatitis C Virus characteristics

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linear ssRNA

Front 27

SX of HCV

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Similar to HAV

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HCV MOT- percutaneous

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blood transfusions, dirty needles, transplants

Front 29

What test is used for DX of HCV?

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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Front 30

TX of HCV

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Intron A or Roferon-A

Front 31

Poliomyelitis is aka

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Infantile paralysis

Front 32

EA of Poliomyelitis

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Polio virus I, II, III

Front 33

SX of silent poliomyelitis

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Asymptomatic, serum Ab present (carrier)

Front 34

SX of abortive poliomyelitis

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Brief URI or GI infection, fever

Front 35

What is the most common form of poliomyelitis?

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Abortive

Front 36

SX of non-paralytic poliomyelitis

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Same as abortive w/ temporary paralysis

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SX of paralytic poliomyelitis

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same as abortive w/ permanent paralysis

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RES for Polio

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Homo sapiens (none in U.S.)

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MOT of polio

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direct contact, indirect by feces or resp. secretions)

Front 40

1st polio vaccine was called _______ and used ______-

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Salk Vaccine, formalin-inactivated

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2nd vaccine for polio was ____ and used ____

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sabin vaccine, attenuated live- trivalent, oral

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Mumps occurs most in

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un-immunized children

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SX of mumps

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swelling inflammation of parotid glands, unilateral inflammation of epididymis

Front 44

Does mumps cause sterility?

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No because epididymis inflammation only affects one of the testes not both (unilateral)

Front 45

AIDS is

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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Front 46

AIDS is caused by

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HIV-1 and HIV-2

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Characteristics of HIV

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ssRNA w/ envelope, retrovirus

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What does retrovirus mean?

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It interferes with the transcription of hosts DNA

Front 49

AIDS developed from

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SIV (Simian- monkey)

Front 50

What is the worst viral disease?

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Rabies

Front 51

What is the worst infectious disease?

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Malaria

Front 52

When was the first pandemic

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2nd half of 20th century (60's)

Front 53

How is AIDS acquired?

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Vascular system exposure to body fluids of an infected person (esp. STD)

Front 54

The AIDS virion has what envelope protein?

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gp120

Front 55

The gp120 envelope protein binds to what cells?

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CD4 receptors on T-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

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Individuals with what do not get infected with AIDS?

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2 defective CCR5 copies

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The first stage (mild) of AIDS involves what named disorder?

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ARC

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1-3 wks of malaise, fever, HA, macular rash, wt. loss, swollen lymph nodes, and a +AB test are all signs of what stage of AIDS sx?

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ARC (Aids Related Complex) - 1st stage

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What is the average time from infection to AIDS?

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8-10 years

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What happens in the second stage of AIDS (true)

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Loss of T(H) cells

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What happens in the third stage of AIDS to cause sx

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Infected macrophages cross BBB

Front 62

Dementia, ataxia, brain tumors, motor, sensory neurons and neuroglial cell destruction are symptoms of what stage of AIDS?

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Third

Front 63

What happens in the fourth stage of AIDS?

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Kaposi's sarcoma: oral and rectal carcinomas

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What are three tests used to DX AIDS?

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Western blot, southern blot, PCR

Front 65

What is the western blot test?

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Cheap, detects protein molecules, used for general screening

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What is the southern blot test?

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More expensive, detects presence of AIDS RNA

Front 67

What is polymerase chain reaction testing used for?

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When there is a very small blood sample- It makes unlimited amounts

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How is AIDS TX?

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By reducing the viral load and treating opportunistic infections

Front 69

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors and Protease inhibitors are RX to pts with what?

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AIDS

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How is AIDS prevented?

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"Be good"

Front 71

Warts occur in what age group?

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Children & Young adults

Front 72

What is the EA for warts?

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Papilloma viruses

Front 73

How are warts TX?

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Cryosurgery, Electrosurgery

Front 74

What are Condyloma acuminata?

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Venereal warts

Front 75

How are condyloma acuminata acquired?

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STD

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Venereal warts are associated with what cancers?

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Prostate, uterine, Penis

Front 77

What vaccine can prevent Venereal warts?

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Gardasil

Front 78

What is verruca plantaris

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Plantar's warts, on the sole of foot, painful

Front 79

What is verruca vulgaris?

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Common warts usually on hands and fingers but can occur anywhere

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Hantavirus occ

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four corners

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Hantavirus causes

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HSV Acute hantavirus respiratory syndrome

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What accounts for 50% of pediatric gastroenteritis?

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Rotavirus

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what can reduce risk of rotavirus?

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breast feeding

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SX of rotavirus

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projectile vomit

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Rotavirus tx

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F & E correction

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PVT of rotavirus

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rotashield

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risks of rotashield

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bowel obstruction

Front 88

what is intussusception

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bowel obstruction