Microbiology U4.10.09 Final - Spiral & Unusual Diseases

Front 1

Syphilis is an STD of the ____ tract with an epidemiology similar to that of ____ but numbers of cases have remained stable over the years in the US

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genitourinary - GONORRHOEA

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The groups most at risk are drug using ____ of both sexes, male ____ (altho' because of AIDS these numbers are decreasing) & individuals in the, __-__ age group

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PROSTITUTES - HOMOSEXUALS - 20-39

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Treponema pallidum. It is not a tough organism & survives a very ____ time on inanimate objects (no ____ seat transmission!)

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short - TOILET

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Treponema pallidum. Incubation time is usually __ ____ but can vary

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3 months

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1) Primary syphilis =a sore called a ____ appears at the site of infection (not always visible eg on the ____.

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CHANCRE - CERVIX

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Chancre is small, ____, ____ & exudes a highly infectious fluid at its center. Within a few weeks, the infection disappears & bacteria enter the ____ & lymphatic system ~ around the body

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hard, painless - BLOOD

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2) Secondary syphilis occurs several weeks later with the appearance of different types of highly infectious skin & ____ ____ rashes, loss of hair patches, ____ & malaise.

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MUCUS MEMBRANE - FEVER

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Secondary syphilis. After a few weeks the signs & symptoms subside & the disease becomes ____

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LATENT

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3) Tertiary syphilis only occurs in __% of untreated cases after a latent period of up to __ years.

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50% - 10

Front 10

Tertiary syphilis. Most of the signs & symptoms are due to the body's ____ reactions producing rubbery masses of tissue on internal organs & skin called ____

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GUMMAS

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GUMMAS. These are fairly harmless unless they damage the ____ (speech, sight, hearing & mental impairment). Few organisms are found in them & they are not very ____

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CNS - infectious

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4) Congenital syphilis = organism is transmitted across the placenta to the ____ causing ____ damage & ____

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FETUS - neurological - stillbirth

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Syphilis. Diagnosis is by examination of exudates from lesions or punctured ____ ____, ____ FIELD MICROSCOPY, slide flocculation for secondary but not primary syphilis or indirect IF test

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LYMPH NODES - DARK

Front 14

Syphilis. Treatment is usually prolonged ____ ____ treatment. No drug is effective in the tertiary stage of syphilis

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BENZATHINE PENICILLIN

Front 15

Borrelia burgdorferi causes ____ ____, a disease of the ____ system

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Lyme disease - cardiovascular

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Borrelia burgdorferi. The reservoirs are ____ & field ____ who are symptomless & also dogs, horses & lizards

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deer & field mice

Front 17

Borrelia burgdorferi. It is spread by a vector, the tick (____)

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tick (IXODES)

Front 18

Borrelia burgdorferi. It appears to be spreading across the US wherever ____ are prevalent

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TICKS

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Borrelia burgdorferi. The tick has a __ year cycle in which it feeds __ times

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2year - 3times

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Borrelia burgdorferi. The first & second feedings are usually on infected ____ followed by a third feeding on a ____

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mice - DEER

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Borrelia burgdorferi. If a human is fed upon instead the disease is transmitted to the ____

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human

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Borrelia burgdorferi. Signs & symptoms include, in most cases, a distinctive red ____ ____ rash at the bite site which spreads for about 15 cm

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BULL'S EYE

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Borrelia burgdorferi. As the rash fades, ____ symptoms (headache, backache, chills & fatigue) appear

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FLU -like

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Borrelia burgdorferi. Eventually the ____ may be affected with irregular heartbeat, facial paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis

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HEART

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Borrelia burgdorferi. Months or ____ later, the patient may develop arthritis & have difficulty ____

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YEARS - WALKING

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Borrelia burgdorferi. Diagnosis is through S&S, ISOLATION OF ____, ____, ____ ____/DNA PROBES

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SPIROCHETES, ELISA, AB TITER/DNA PROBES

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Borrelia burgdorferi. Vaccines are available but not necessarily ____ (SIDE EFFECTS)

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USED

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Borrelia burgdorferi. Treatment is possible with several antibiotics including ____ & ____ the earlier the betterll

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TETRACYCLINES & AMOXICILLIN

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M. tuberculosis is an obligate ____ which causes tuberculosis (consumption), a disease of the ____ system

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aerobe - respiratory

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M. tuberculosis. The organism is very tough because of its unusual ____. It is resistant to ____ & many ____

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WALL - drying - disinfectants

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M. tuberculosis. __ ____ DEATHS PER YEAR WORLDWIDE (2NDONLY TO ____)

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3 MILLION - AIDS

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M. tuberculosis. 1/3"' world's population has been exposed to ____. Droplets inhaled or phagocytized by ____ macrophages. If a person is healthy, then it is destroyed

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TB - alveolar

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If the TB survives it may multiply into lung ____ which causes a ____ reaction producing lumps in the lungs called ____ which then calcify and turn into ____ complexes which may be seen & diagnosed using a lung X-ray

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lesions - hypersensitivity - TUBERCLES - GHON

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Systemic TB is called ____ TB

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MILIARY

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M. tuberculosis. S & S include weight loss, lassitude, coughing with ____

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blood

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M. tuberculosis. Tubercles may ____ later on in life

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reactivate

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M. tuberculosis. TB skin test (____ TEST) is where TB protein is placed under the skin & a T-cell response is looked for after 2 days

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MANTOUX TEST

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M. tuberculosis. Treatment is 6 -24 months ____/____ cocktails

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Isoniazid/Rifampin

Front 39

Chlamydia trachomatis. Diseases of the ____ & ____ system

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EYES & GENITOURINARY

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Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a small ____ parasite with an unusual life cycle (infectious ____ body, intracellular ____ body)

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INTRACELLULAR - elementary - reticulate

Front 41

Chlamydia trachomatis. Causes ____ ____ in the eyes leading to blindness.

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Ocular Trachoma

Front 42

Chlamydia trachomatis. As an STD it is present in __% of the population & is the 2nd commonest STD especially in ____

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10% - students

Front 43

Chlamydia trachomatis. __% of females are symptomless while males develop ____ ____ (NGU) inflammation, irritation, watery discharge, pain on urination, & epididymitis

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70% - NON-GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS

Front 44

Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect newborns ____ during birth

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eyes

Front 45

Chlamydia trachomatis. It can cause a coinfection with ____ & contribute to ____

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gonorrhea - PID

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Chlamydia trachomatis. Diagnosis - ____ & ____ probes

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IF & DNA

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Chlamydia trachomatis. Treatment = ____

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TETRACYCLINES