Microbiology U4.10.04 Final - Fungi Diseases

Front 1

The study of fungi is called ____

Back 1

MYCOLOGY

Front 2

Fungi may be ____ (eg YEAST) or ____

Back 2

unicellular - multicellular

Front 3

Organisms in this kingdom are eukaryotes & tend to form long filaments of cells which are called ____

Back 3

HYPHAE

Front 4

When the fungus grows into an intertwined mass of hyphae which are visible to the naked eye its structure is referred to as a ____

Back 4

MYCELIUM

Front 5

The cross walls separating cells within a hypha are called ____

Back 5

SEPTA

Front 6

Fungi whose cells grow in one continuous structure without any septa but with many nuclei are referred to as ____

Back 6

COENOCYTIC

Front 7

They obtain their food from organic matter & are ____

Back 7

HETEROTROPHS

Front 8

They require less ____ than bacteria

Back 8

NUTRIENTS

Front 9

The majority live on dead organisms & are____ & able to break down tough materials such as wood lignins because of the large number of unusual ____ secreted

Back 9

SAPROBES - EXOENZYMES

Front 10

Although they can be both aerobic & facultatively anaerobic, they tend to grow on ____

Back 10

SURFACES

Front 11

They grow best in ____ conditions (pH 5) & survive dry conditions well

Back 11

ACIDIC

Front 12

Fungi are relatively unimportant ____ pathogens but virtually every important plant is attacked by one or more fungal pathogens

Back 12

HUMAN

Front 13

A fungal disease is called a ____

Back 13

MYCOSIS

Front 14

Most pathogens grow slowly & are long lasting or ____

Back 14

CHRONIC

Front 15

Fungal infections of the skin, hair & nails are called ____ while just below the skin they are referred to as ____ (____)

Back 15

CUTANEOUS - SUBCUTANEOUS - DERMATOPHYTES

Front 16

Infections in the tissues & organs are called ____ -often the result of spores inhaled into the ____

Back 16

SYSTEMIC - LUNGS

Front 17

Fungi are classified by the type of spores they produce through ____ ____

Back 17

sexual reproduction

Front 18

____ (single, large pigmented cells)

Back 18

ZVGOSPORES

Front 19

____ (spores in sac called an ascus)

Back 19

ASCOSPORES

Front 20

____ (four spores formed externally on a pedestal)

Back 20

BASIDIOSPORES

Front 21

____ OR FUNGI IMPERFECTI (a holding group -no spores found yet)

Back 21

DEUTEROMYCETES

Front 22

This is caused by pathogens from over 39 different fungal spp especially ____, ____, & ____

Back 22

MICROSPORUM, TRICHOPHYTON and EPIDERMOPHYTON

Front 23

They secrete ____ & have the ability to live on the upper skin layers, hair & nails (PROTEIN, KERATIN).

Back 23

KERATINASES

Front 24

Tinea. They tolerate ____ conditions.

Back 24

dry

Front 25

Tinea. They are spread by people/dogs/cats shedding hairs/cells onto ____ such as towels & can survive for years

Back 25

FOMITES

Front 26

Tinea. Appearance of the disease varies but skin NAILS & hair ____ are common.

Back 26

TINEAS

Front 27

Eg Tinea capitis (____) Tinea cruris (____) Tinea pedis (____) Tinea barbae (____ ____), Tinea corporis (____), Tinea unguium (____)

Back 27

SCALP - GROIN - FEET - BARBER'S ITCH - BODY - NAILS

Front 28

Tinea. None of these are serious diseases because they can't penetrate past the ____ ____ of the skin even with injury

Back 28

STRATUM CORNEUM

Front 29

Tinea. Diagnosis is by microscopic examination (____ & ____) & isolation on lab media (____ ____ ____).

Back 29

SCRAPINGS & UV - DERMATOPHYTE TEST MEDIUM

Front 30

Tinea. Treatment is usually the ____ application of ____, clotrimazole or oral ____

Back 30

TOPICAL - TOLNAFTATE - GRISEOFULVIN

Front 31

Candida albicans is an ____ which is normally present in the genitourinary tract, mouth & intestinal mucus membranes but its growth is suppressed by the ____

Back 31

OPPORTUNIST - MICROFLORA

Front 32

Agents which encourage its growth by interfering with the pH &/or bacterial flora would include ____, ____, & ____

Back 32

ANTIBIOTICS, CONTRACEPTIVES & PREGNANCY

Front 33

Patients that are ____, obese, diabetic, very young or old are likely to suffer from infections with this organism

Back 33

IMMUNECOMPROMISED

Front 34

Signs & symptoms in newborns would include ____ OVERGROWTH IN ____ ____, COATED TONGUE

Back 34

WHITISH OVERGROWTH IN ORAL CAVITY

Front 35

Women may suffer from vulvovaginal candidiasis (3/4 have at least one episode) with the signs & symptoms being … (6)

Back 35

IRRITATION, INTENSE ITCHING, SORE REDNESS, YEASTY ODOR, THICK, YELLOW COTTAGE CHEESE

Front 36

If it becomes systemic it can be ____

Back 36

FATAL

Front 37

Topical applications of ____ ____, ____ or oral ____

Back 37

MICONAZOLEM CLOTRIMAZOLE, NYSTATIN or oral AMPHOTERICIN B

Front 38

Pneumocystis Pneumonia. This disease was rare (100 cases/year) before the advent of AIDS (20,000+/year) as it is an opportunist found in the ____

Back 38

lungs

Front 39

Pneumocystis Pneumonia is caused by a microbe (respiratory system) called ____ ____

Back 39

PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII

Front 40

Pneumocystis carinii. It has characteristics of both a ____ & a ____ & possesses a complex life cycle

Back 40

FUNGUS & PROTOZOAN

Front 41

Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Other people that are susceptible to the disease include ____ ____

Back 41

CANCER PATIENTS

Front 42

Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Treatment is ____ - ____

Back 42

TRIMETHOPRIM -SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

Front 43

Histoplasmosis. A systemic fungus of the ____ system found throughout the world

Back 43

RESPIRATORY

Front 44

Histoplasmosis. Mainly in the US States of Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Alabama; __% inhabitants of these states have Ab to this organism

Back 44

75%

Front 45

Histoplasmosis. ____ serious (50 deaths/year)

Back 45

Rarely

Front 46

Histoplasmosis. Grows in fecally-enriched ____ (____ and ____ droppings) filamentously & then ____ are inhaled into the lungs

Back 46

soils - bird and bat - conidia

Front 47

Histoplasmosis. The ____-like growth in the lungs causes a mild ____ infection

Back 47

yeast - respiratory

Front 48

Histoplasmosis. The X-ray of Histoplasmosis lung lesions resembles that of ____ diagnosis by __&__ & ____ ____ test

Back 48

TB - S&S - complement fixation

Front 49

Histoplasmosis. Treatment = ____ or ____

Back 49

Amphotericin B or Ketoconazole

Front 50

Coccidioidomycosis. A systemic fungus called ____ ____, which is found mainly in the American southwest, South America & Mexico causes __-__ US deaths per year

Back 50

Coccidioides immitis - 50-100

Front 51

Coccidioidomycosis. Another common name for it is ___ ____ VALLEY FEVER. Half of all experimental subjects tested in CA are +VE for a ____ ____ test!

Back 51

SAN JOAQUIN - diagnostic skin

Front 52

Coccidioidomycosis. it grows as filaments in ____, ____ soils which release ____

Back 52

DRY, ALKALINE - ARTHROSPORES

Front 53

Coccidioidomycosis. They are ____-borme & abundant in ____

Back 53

wind - aerosols

Front 54

Coccidioidomycosis. They germinate in lung tissue producing thick walled bodies called ____

Back 54

SPHERULES

Front 55

Coccidioidomycosis. The following signs & symptoms occur ____ PAIN, ____, ____, ____ LOSS

Back 55

CHEST PAIN, FEVER, COUGHING, WEIGHT LOSS

Front 56

Coccidioidomycosis. Recovery occurs within a few ____ even without ____

Back 56

weeks - treatment

Front 57

Coccidioidomycosis. Diagnosis can be tricky because of its resemblance to ____

Back 57

TB

Front 58

Coccidioidomycosis. Microbial examination of ____/____ & isolation & growth on ____ ____

Back 58

tissues/fluids - lab media

Front 59

Coccidioidomycosis. Treatment includes____ for months in serious cases

Back 59

AMPHOTERICIN B

Front 60

Fungal pathogens of plants can produce ____ which are ingested by humans

Back 60

toxins

Front 61

Claviveps purpurea a smut infection of ____ causes ergot poisoning

Back 61

RYE

Front 62

This was a common happening during the ____ ____ producing ____, twitching of the extremities, restricted blood flow & gangrene (Saint Vitus' dance)

Back 62

MIDDLE AGES - HALLUCINATIONS

Front 63

Aspergillus flavus a common mold, grows on ____ producing ____ which is a potent ____ ____

Back 63

PEANUTS - AFLATOXIN - LIVER CARCINOGEN