Microbiology U3.33 Ch 12 - Antimicrobial Penicillin

Front 1

most bacterial cell walls contain ____

Back 1

peptidoglycans

Front 2

2 antibiotics that block the synthesis of peptidoglycans, causing the cell wall to lyse

Back 2

penicillin - cephalosporins

Front 3

antibiotic that does not penetrate the outer membrane of a bacterial cell wall

Back 3

penicillins

Front 4

are penicillins more or less effective on the gram negative bacteria?

Back 4

less effective

Front 5

broad-spectrum penicillin & cephalosporins can cross the outer ____ of gram ____ bacteria

Back 5

membrane - negative

Front 6

in cell wall target, what are the targets of the antimicrobial drugs

Back 6

peptidoglycans

Front 7

in cell wall target, weak points of the peptidoglycans are exposed to ____ ____ antibiotics

Back 7

beta-lactam

Front 8

in cell wall target, peptidoglycans exposed to ____ environment causes the membrane to bulge as water ____ into cell

Back 8

hypotonic - diffuses

Front 9

in cell wall target, when the peptidoglycan membrane breaks this causes the cell to ____

Back 9

lyse

Front 10

____ are beta-lactam based drugs originally isolated from the mold ____ ____

Back 10

penicillin - penicillium chrysogenum

Front 11

penicillin originally was a ____ spectrum & bactericidal against gram ____

Back 11

narrow - positive

Front 12

penicillin are now ____-____, since it is fermented & modified

Back 12

semi synthetic

Front 13

large, diverse group of the compounds ____ & ____ are ____ spectrum

Back 13

amoxicillin - ampicillin - broad

Front 14

2 semi synthetic broad spectrum antibiotics ____ & ____ which are effective against gram ___ infections

Back 14

amoxicillin & ampicillin - negative

Front 15

the structure of all penicillin contains a ____-____ ring

Back 15

beta-lactam

Front 16

____ -____ enzyme causes the bacteria to be resistant to penicillin

Back 16

beta-lactamases

Front 17

penicillin drugs have little/low host ____ because of the specific mode of action on cell walls which humans lack

Back 17

toxicity

Front 18

the beta-lactam group of antibiotics contain ____ & ____ ring that are highly reactive

Back 18

3-carbon & 1-nitrogen

Front 19

in the chemical structure of penicillin, they all posses a ____-____ ring

Back 19

beta-lactam

Front 20

penicillin G is ____ spectrum & is ____ (injected/taken orally)

Back 20

narrow - injected

Front 21

penicillin V is ____ spectrum & is ____ (injected/taken orally)

Back 21

narrow - taken orally

Front 22

penicillin can be acquired ____ by microbial fermentation

Back 22

naturally

Front 23

the variable ____ group dictates microbial activity against gram ___ cells

Back 23

R-negative

Front 24

when drug resistance occurs the ____ ____ring is broken & the antibiotic becomes ____

Back 24

beta-lactam - inactive

Front 25

what is the end product when penicillin is hydrolyzed by the enzyme penicillinase

Back 25

penicilloic acid

Front 26

4 examples of semi synthetic penicillins

Back 26

amoxicillin - ampicillin - carbenicillin - methicillin

Front 27

3 broad spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins

Back 27

ampicillin - carbinecillin - amoxicillin

Front 28

3 semi-synthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Back 28

carbapenems - monobactam - methicillin

Front 29

which broad spectrum semi synthetic penicillin is acid resistant ____

Back 29

ampicillin

Front 30

which penicillinase-resistant penicillin is very broad spectrum ____

Back 30

carbapenems

Front 31

which penicillinase-resistant penicillin is effective against gram negative bacteria ____

Back 31

monobactam

Front 32

____ ____ are extended spectrum penicillins

Back 32

semisynthetic penicillins

Front 33

semisynthetic penicillins contain ____ & ____ inhibitors

Back 33

penicillin & B-lactamase

Front 34

the primary problems of semisynthetic penicillins are ____ & ____ strains of bacteria

Back 34

allergies & resistant