Microbiology U3.10 Ch 9 - Regulation Of Protein Synthesis

Front 1

in regulation of protein synthesis & metabolism ____ enzyme genes are switched on all the time

Back 1

constitutive

Front 2

control system that allows groups of enzyme genes to be switched on & off are called ____

Back 2

operons

Front 3

2 operon regulations at gene level

Back 3

repression - induction

Front 4

regulation at the gene level is coordinated by a set of ____, all of which are regulated as a unit called ____

Back 4

genes - operons (regulator)

Front 5

repression is a regulatory mechanism inhibiting ____ ____ in response to an ____ ____

Back 5

protein synthesis - end-product

Front 6

repression mechanism is mediated by proteins called ____

Back 6

repressors

Front 7

induction mechanism turns ____ (on/off) ____ ____ usually in response to the presence of a ____

Back 7

on - protein synthesis - substrate

Front 8

induction mechanism is mediated by proteins called ____

Back 8

inducers

Front 9

what are the 2 examples of operons ____

Back 9

lactose (LAC) operon - tryptophan (TRYP) operon

Front 10

inducible lac operons are normally turned ____ (on/off)

Back 10

off

Front 11

lac operons are ____-bolic & ____ (inducible/repressible)

Back 11

catabolic - inducible

Front 12

a lactose operon is normally ____ & is turned ____ (on/off) by the substrate ____

Back 12

off - on - lactose

Front 13

____ operons act as ____ & are only produced if needed for lactose metabolism

Back 13

lactose - enzymes

Front 14

repressible tryp operons are normally turned ____ (on/off)

Back 14

on

Front 15

a tryptophan operon is normally ____ (on/off) & is turned ____ (on/off) by the ____

Back 15

on - off - product

Front 16

tryptophan synthesis operon is turned ____ by the product

Back 16

off

Front 17

tryp operons are ____-bolic & ____ (inducible/repressible)

Back 17

anabolic - repressible

Front 18

tryp operons act as ____ & are always needed to synthesize ____

Back 18

enzymes - tryptophan

Front 19

tryptophan synthesis stops when …

Back 19

when no longer needed

Front 20

the 3 structural genes that are involved in lactose uptake & metabolism

Back 20

β galactosidase - permease - transacetylase

Front 21

in lactose uptake & metabolism, β galactosidase hydrolyzes ____

Back 21

lactose

Front 22

in lactose uptake & metabolism, permease brings ____ across ____ ____

Back 22

lactose - cell membrane

Front 23

operons are normally switched ____ & must be ____

Back 23

off - induced

Front 24

the regulator gene contain the codes for the ____ protein

Back 24

repressor

Front 25

on the lac operon, a control locus is composed of a ____ & ____

Back 25

promoter - operator (regulator)

Front 26

on the lac operon, the structural locus is made of __ genes, each coding for an enzyme needed to ____ ____

Back 26

3 - catabolize lactose

Front 27

in lac operons, with the absence of lactose, the ____ binds with the ____ ____ and blocks ____ of downstream structural genes

Back 27

repressor - operator locus - transcription

Front 28

in lac operons, binding of lactose to the ____ ____ changes it's shape & makes it fall off the ____

Back 28

repressor protein - operator (regulator)

Front 29

in lac operons, with the presence of lactose & the release of the repressor protein from the operator, ____ ____ can bind to the ____ site

Back 29

RNA polymerase - promoter

Front 30

in lac operons, with the attachment of RNA polymerase to the ____ ____, structural genes are ____ & ____

Back 30

promoter site - transcribed - translated

Front 31

during induced operon, the ____ gene codes for active ____ protein

Back 31

regulatory - repressor

Front 32

during induced operon, ____ ____ binds to ____ site to start transcription

Back 32

RNA polymerase - promoter

Front 33

during un-induced operon, the ____ protein binds to ____ site & ____ ____ is blocked, thus preventing ____

Back 33

repressor - operator - RNA polymerase - transcription

Front 34

enzymes for using ____ are no longer made when it is no longer available

Back 34

lactose

Front 36

E.coli in the human gut requires ____ to survive

Back 36

tryptophan

Front 37

E.coli can produce it's own ____ if none is present in the gut & can also stop production of tryptophan if ____

Back 37

tryptophan - abundant/too much

Front 38

____ arginine operons are normally turned ____ (on/off) and is turned ____ (on/off) when nutrient is no longer needed

Back 38

repressible - on - off

Front 39

in repressible operons, the presence of excess ____ binds to the ____ & changes it so that it binds to the operon & blocks arginine synthesis

Back 39

arginine - repressor

Front 40

in repressible operons, the ____ binds to the ____site & blocks the arginine synthesis

Back 40

repressor- operator

Front 41

8 antibiotics that affect gene expression

Back 41

rifamycin - actinomycin D - erythromycin - spectinomycin - chloramphenical - linomycin - tetracycline - streptomycin

Front 42

rifamycin binds to ____

Back 42

RNA polymerase

Front 43

actinomycin D binds to ____ & halts ____ ____ ____

Back 43

DNA - mRNA chain elongation

Front 44

erythromycin & spectinomycin interfere with attachment of ____ to ribosomes

Back 44

mRNA

Front 45

chloramphenicol, linomycin & tetracycline bind to ____ & block ____

Back 45

ribosome - elongation

Front 46

streptomycin inhibits ____ ____ & ____

Back 46

peptide initiation - elongation