Microbiology Tortora Chapters 1,10,4,15 & Parts Of 27&28.

Front 1

Commercially produced beers and wines are usually fermened with the aid of:

Back 1

specific cultured yeast

Front 2

Strains of the bacterium Psuedomonas syringae have been identified as being capable of:

Back 2

preventing ice crystal formation.

Front 3

During chemical treatment of drinking water and wastewater, which of he following mricrobes is least likely to be inactivated or killed?

Back 3

bacterial endospores

Front 4

which of the following organisms are not eukaryotic and does not belong to Domain Eukarya?

Back 4

bacteria

Front 5

Which scientist first had personnel wash their hands in chlorinated lime to prevent the spread of streptococcal infection puerperal sepsis"?

Back 5

Ignaz Semmelweis

Front 6

which of the following are hydrophobic organic molecules?

Back 6

?

Front 7

Which of the following cell structures is not associated with prokaryotic organisms?

Back 7

?

Front 8

Eukaryotic microorganisms composed of long filaments of cells called hypha and absorb their nutrients following decomposition of complex organic compunds.

Back 8

fungi

Front 9

Mycoplasma pneumonia caused atypical pnuemonia and would be described as:

Back 9

a naturally occuring bacterium without a cell wall.

Front 10

Small segments of cytoplasmic DNA, independent of the chromosome, carrying genes that code for toxins, enzymes, antibiotic resistance, etc. in some bacteria...

Back 10

plasmid

Front 11

Neisseria gonorrhea uses this to attach to columnar epithelial cells of the urinary tract?

Back 11

fimbrae

Front 12

which cell components are present in procayotes but are only found in choloroplast and mitochondria of eucaroytes, thereby suggesting a possible endosymbiotic relationship?

Back 12

?

Front 13

Which of the following statement describes what happens to a cell exposed to polymyxin that destroy phospholipids?

Back 13

Intracellular contents will leak from the cell.

Front 14

which organisms may adhere to teeth by their glycocalyx and cause dental dencay?

Back 14

Streptococcus mutans

Front 15

Bacteria with flagella at both of ends of the cell are described as?

Back 15

amphitrichous

Front 16

Histoplasmosis, skin infections, cryptococcosis, etc. are disease caused by:

Back 16

fungi

Front 17

Characteristic "bull's eye rash", flu-like symptoms and eventual arthritits caused by tick bites:

Back 17

Lyme disease

Front 18

Penicillin, cepahlosporin and related antibiotics act on the:

Back 18

?

Front 19

Inclusion bodies that may be of diagnostic value in the identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Back 19

metachromatic granules

Front 20

Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium tetani are pathogens that can survive for a long time in the dormant state in soil, water, etc. Organsisms like these survive because they produce?

Back 20

endospores

Front 21

Recently the largest procaryote ever observed was isolated from seawater. This organism is about the size of a period made on paper and has been named?

Back 21

Thiomargarita niambensis

Front 22

What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in 10% NaCl (sodium chloride) with penicillin?

Back 22

the cell will undergo plasmolysis.

Front 23

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?

Back 23

active transport

Front 24

This is the most common type of nosocomial infection and accounts for about 40% of all nosocomial infections:

Back 24

urinary tract infections

Front 25

an encapsulated bacterium can be virulent because the capsule:

Back 25

prevents phagocytosis.

Front 26

Live cultures of Bacillus thuringienisis and Bacillus subtilis are used for agriculture, mosquito control and household septic tank treatment. What bacterial structures make it possible to package and sell these bacteria?

Back 26

Endospores

Front 27

this emerging pathogen is caused by an infectious protein. It produces spongiform type lesions in the brain as scrapie, kuru, Jacob-Crudzfeldt and others.

Back 27

prion(s)

Front 28

This dinoflagellate of the algae group causes a major problem in fish and is an emerging human pathogen where it damages tissue with a loss of blood.

Back 28

Pfisteria

Front 29

An organism that has genes like both eubacteria and eukaryotic cells and may represent the branch point between archae, Eubacteria and Eukarya.

Back 29

Thermotoga maritima.

Front 30

compound produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that kills insects; the gene has been cloned into plants to protect them.

Back 30

Bt toxin

Front 31

deposits of Fe3O4 in some organisms.

Back 31

magnetosomes

Front 32

invagination of cell membrane to enclose DNA, RNA, ribosomes and other components need to reproduce.

Back 32

forespore

Front 33

community of organisms with fimbrae glycocalyx and forming large living masses

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biofilm

Front 34

used microscopes to discover microscopic unicellular organisms.

Back 34

Anthony Von Leeuwenhoek

Front 35

produced inside Gram negative bacteria and released to outside causes fever, septic shock, fall in blood pressure, etc.

Back 35

?

Front 36

L-form associated with Crohn's Disease

Back 36

Mycobacterium paratuberclosis

Front 37

produced in cell and released to outside-causes diphtheria, tetanus, etc.

Back 37

?

Front 38

movement of solvent (usually water)from higher to lower concentration

Back 38

osmosis

Front 39

rotate in opposite directions causing flagellar rotation and bacterial motibility.

Back 39

flagellar rings

Front 40

bacteria in the soil that use atmospheric nitrogen to increase soil fertility.

Back 40

nitrogen fixation

Front 41

father of chemotherapy.

Back 41

?

Front 42

phage tying is based on the fact that:

Back 42

?

Front 43

Organism A has 70 moles % G+C. Which of the following can be concluded from this data?

Back 43

the two organisms are unrelated.

Front 44

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists. It

Back 44

detects uncultured microbes, demonstrates the diversity of microbes in the environment,and is used to observe microbes in their natural environment in association with other microbes.

Front 45

flesh eating bacteria are _____and would appear as _____under the microscope.

Back 45

?

Front 46

E. coli 157:H7 is a pathogen transmitted in food, water, mike, fruit juices, etc. It causes bloody diarrhea, HUS and hemorrhaging. The H of H7 indicates:

Back 46

the flagella antigen type

Front 47

Pilli are hollow tubules that:

Back 47

allow transfer of cytoplasm and/or genetic material among bacteria.

Front 48

using anthrax as the model, he demonstrated that a specific microorganism is te cause of a specific disease?

Back 48

Robert Koch

Front 49

Soaps, synthetic detergents and quatnary ammonia disinfectants are most likely to exert their activity on the bacterial:

Back 49

cell membrane

Front 50

If two organisms have similar rRNa sequences, you can conclude:

Back 50

They are related.

Front 51

the person given credit for the discovery of cells.

Back 51

Hooke

Front 52

The process of _____involved the innoculation of dried smallpox scabs under the skin?

Back 52

vaccination

Front 53

The first person to employ antisepsis in surgery was:

Back 53

Joseph Lister

Front 54

a group of microbial agents that lack the cellular structures charcteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms:

Back 54

viruses

Front 55

The domain Eukarya contains:

Back 55

protozoa, fungi, algae and animals

Front 56

saxitoxins may cause rash, lethargy and confusion. They are produced by:

Back 56

algae

Front 57

a capsule is similar to a pilli/fimbrae because both:

Back 57

permit attachment to surfaces and can be involved in pathogenicity.

Front 58

Endotoxins are composed of ______and are located in the ____ of Gram negative bacteria.

Back 58

lipid and polysaccharide; cell wall

Front 59

name the cycles that represent a role of microorganisms in cycling vital elements.

Back 59

nitrogen cycle, sulfur cycle, phosphorous cycle and carbon/oxygen cycle.

Front 60

63 microbial diseases are termed _____ because they must be reported to WHO and/or CDC.

Back 60

notifiable diseases

Front 61

Which of the following is NOT an emerging disease: Lyme disease, Hantovirus, prion disease, "flesh eating" bacteria, poliovirus.

Back 61

Poliovirus.

Front 62

one of the newest emerging pathogens which causes colds, pnuemonia and death in several individuals is:

Back 62

Adenovirus 14

Front 63

The pneumovac is a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumonia. It is a polyvalent vaccine composed of _____ from different types or strains of the organism.

Back 63

polysaccharide capsule

Front 64

Tagman is a trademark registered method of determining low numbers of E coli 0157:H+ in samples. It used ______to identify the organism?

Back 64

pcR

Front 65

Usually, bacteria form more endospores in response to:

Back 65

adverse environmental stress

Front 66

A _________ infection is acquired in a hospital or public health facility.

Back 66

Nosocomial

Front 67

_______ is the capacity to cause disease.

Back 67

Pathogenicity

Front 68

The science involved with the classification of organisms is:

Back 68

Taxonomy

Front 69

Which of the following emerging pathogens has caused the death or destruction of millions of poultry since 1983? There have been numerous human infections in the last two years stimulating concern about the virus mutating to a more virulent form causing a pandemic.

Back 69

Avian influences.

Front 70

By the end of 2003, 8098 cases in 29 countries on 5 continents causing 774 deaths had occurred from ______.Civet cats were shown to be the source of this major outbreak in China.

Back 70

SARS

Front 71

An example of a glycocalyx that has definite structure and is attached to the cell surface is:

Back 71

a capsule

Front 72

which two cell types occur naturally without a cell wall?

Back 72

animal cells and mycoplasma

Front 73

Long chain fatty acid found on the surface of some bacteria that cause them to be acid fast.

Back 73

mycolic acid

Front 74

Bloody diarrhea, HUS, etc. is any emerging disease transmitted in contaminated food and water and is caused by?

Back 74

E.coli 157:H7

Front 75

The Hungarian physician that first used hand washing with chlorinated lime to prevent the spread of puerperal sepsis to newborns.

Back 75

Ignatz Sammelweiss

Front 76

Recently the largest prokaryote ever observed was isolated from seawater. This organism is about the size of a period made on paper and had been named:

Back 76

Thiomargarita niambensis

Front 77

Syphillis and Lyme disease in humans is caused by bacteria with which of the following shapes?

Back 77

spiral

Front 78

In bacteria, the cytoplasmic membrane functions in:

Back 78

energy production and transport of molecules.

Front 79

Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe that is killed by molecular oxygen present in air. Humans can die of botulism from eating foods in which C. botulinum is growing. Which of the following cell components allow this bacterium to survive on plants picked for human consumption.

Back 79

endospores

Front 80

A woman with a bloodborne Enterobacter infection was treated with cephalosporin, the preferred antibiotic for Enterobact infections. After treatment, Enterobacter could not be cultivated from her bloodstream, indicating the bacteria had been killed. However, her symptoms worsened. Annually, nearly one half of similar patients die. Which of the following most likely made her symptoms increase?

Back 80

endotoxins

Front 81

When cells are placed in a solution containing 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) which of the following is moist likely to occur?

Back 81

water will move out of the cell causing shrinking or collapse (crenation)

Front 82

This emerging pathogen is caused by an infectious protein. It produces spongiform type lesions in the brain as scrapie, kuru, Jacob-Crudzfeldt and others.

Back 82

Prion

Front 83

This emerging pathogen was initially isolated from HIV patients. More recently it has been found in over 50% of the Gulf war patients and their families with flu like symptoms, fatigue, diarrhea, rash and some memory loss.

Back 83

mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus)

Front 84

E coli 157:H7 is a pathogen transmitted in food, water, milk, fruit juices, etc. It causes bloody dirrhea, HUS and hemorrhaging. The H of H7 indicates:

Back 84

the flagella antigen type.

Front 85

The most fundamental difference in types of living organisms (or cell types) is between:

Back 85

Eukarya, Eubacteria and archae

Front 86

Which of the following structures is present in Eukaryotes but not prokaryotes?

Back 86

mitochondria/chloroplast

Front 87

Giardia lamblia causes severe gastrointestinal disorders. It is a?

Back 87

protozoa

Front 88

Which of the following processes involves a deliberate alteration of an organisms genetic material?

Back 88

recombinant DNA technology

Front 89

Cathetic (tumor necrosis factor)may be induced by ______associated with the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria.

Back 89

teichoic acids

Front 90

70S ribosomes

Back 90

protein synthesizing cell component found in bacteria.

Front 91

flow cytometry

Back 91

method of identifying microorganisms based on differences in electrical conductivity of the suspending medium.

Front 92

archaebacteria

Back 92

"ancient" bacteria found in extreme or hostile conditions.

Front 93

small chip containing single stranded DNA/RNA and used to identify disease and their causative agent.

Back 93

microarray

Front 94

use of microorganisms to break-down toxins, waste and/or pollutants in the environment.

Back 94

bioremediation

Front 95

protein synthesizing cell component found in bacteria

Back 95

70S

Front 96

along with dehydration enzymes account for resistance of endospores

Back 96

calcium dipicolinate

Front 97

"ancient" bacteria found in extreme or hostile environments

Back 97

archaebacteria

Front 98

area between cell wall and cell membranes.

Back 98

periplasmic space

Front 99

bacterial endospore surrounded by a double membrane with a thick peptidoglycan layer between the layers.

Back 99

forspore

Front 100

method of identifying microorganisms based on differences in electrical conductivity of the suspending medium.

Back 100

flow cytometry

Front 101

found in eukaryotes except the mitochondria and chloroplast.

Back 101

80S

Front 102

method of identification based on sensitivity to bacterial viruses.

Back 102

phage typing