Microbiology Test 5 Sex Transmitted Disease Etc

Front 1

Syphilis
(bad blood disease, systemic)

*C.A.

Back 1

treponema pallidum

Front 2

Syphilis
(bad blood disease, systemic)

*Sx - primary stage

Back 2

primary stage - 3-6 weeks after initial
*depressed, hard, painless lesion on anus, genitals, mouth, fingers etc
*highly infectious
*heals itself
*curable

Front 3

Syphilis
(bad blood disease, systemic)

*Sx - secondary stage

Back 3

secondary stage - 4+ weeks later
*generalized rash (affects palms and soles)
*genital/oral lesions
*fever/sore throat/headache
*highly infectious
*last chance to cure

Front 4

Syphilus
(bad blood disease, systemic)

tertiary stage - Sx

Back 4

tertiary stage - 3-30 years after initial infection
*gumma's (soft, rubbery lesions) form in internal and external tissues
*cardiovascular syphilus
*neurosyphilus (affects CNS)
*NOT contagious

Front 5

Syphilus
(bad blood disease, systemic)

Children Sx

Back 5

*Hutchinson's teeth
*Saber shins

Front 6

Syphilus
(bad blood disease, systemic)

Tx

Back 6

penicillin

Front 7

Syphilus
(bad blood disease, systemic)

reservoir

Back 7

Humans

Front 8

Syphilus
(bad blood disease, systemic)

Transmission

Back 8

direct sexual contact
congenital

Front 9

Syphilus
(bad blood disease, systemic)

Prevention

Back 9

Safer sex
abstinence

Front 10

Cold sores Vs Chancres

Back 10

Cold sores - painful and raised

Chancres - Soft, depressed, painless lesions

Front 11

Gonorrhea
(the drip, the clap, the heat, systemic)

C.A

Back 11

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 12

Gonorrhea
(the drip, the clap, the heat, systemic)

Sx

Back 12

male urethra inflammatory response:
*pus discharge
*penis burning/warmth
*penis pain (clapping penis helps lessen pain
*women asymptomatic
*pus discharge blends with vaginal secretions
*untreated may lead to:
*sterilization
*endocarditis
*meningitis
*gonococcal arthritis
*proctitis

Front 13

Gonorrhea
(the drip, the clap, the heat, systemic)

Tx

Back 13

penicillin

Front 14

Gonorrhea
(the drip, the clap, the heat, systemic)

reservoir

Back 14

Humans

Front 15

Gonorrhea
(the drip, the clap, the heat, systemic)

transmission

Back 15

direct sexual contact
congenital
*gonococcal ophthalmia (eye inflammation) transmitted to:
1.infant via infected mother
2.children/adults via contaminated hands

Front 16

Gonorrhea
(the drip, the clap, the heat, systemic)

prevention

Back 16

safer sex
abstinence

Front 17

Chancroid

C.A.

Back 17

haemophilus ducreyi

Front 18

Chancroid

Sx

Back 18

*soft, painful, depressed lesions on external genitalia
*spreads causing necrosis
*swollen lymph nodes in the groin
*can spread to breasts, lips, tongue, and other mucosal and skin tissues

Front 19

Chancroid

Tx

Back 19

ABC
Sulfa drugs

Front 20

Chancroid

Reservoir

Back 20

Humans

Front 21

Chancroid

Transmission

Back 21

direct sexual contact

Front 22

Chancroid

Prevention

Back 22

Safer sex
abstinence

Front 23

Herpes Simplex Type II
(chronic)

C.A.

Back 23

virus - HSV-2

Front 24

Herpes Simplex Type II
(chronic)

Sx

Back 24

*painful, raised lesions
*swollen lymph nodes
*burning, itching, painful urination
*urethral/vaginal discharge
*female: on vulva, vagina, cervix, perineum
*male: on glans, foreskin, and shaft
*primary lesions - 6-8 days after initial infection, disappear w/in 2-3 weeks later
*recurs periodically

Front 25

Herpes Simplex Type II
(chronic)

Tx

Back 25

Chemotherapy
non-specific

Front 26

Herpes Simplex Type II
(chronic)

reservoir

Back 26

humans

Front 27

Herpes Simplex Type II
(chronic)

transmission

Back 27

direct sexual contact
congenital

Front 28

Herpes Simplex Type II
(chronic)

prevention

Back 28

abstinence
safer sex
monogamy

Front 29

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)

C.A.

Back 29

virus

Front 30

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)

Early Stage Sx

Back 30

*flu like symptoms
*rashes, itching
*mouth sores

Front 31

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)


Later symptomatic

Back 31

*swollen lymph nodes
*constant fatigue
*diarrhea, weight loss
*decreased appetite
*fever/night sweats

Front 32

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)


Advanced

Back 32

*memory loss
*coordination loss
*decision making trouble

Front 33

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)


Opportunistic Infections

Back 33

*Karposi's sarcoma
*pneumocystis pneumonia
*tuberculosis

Front 34

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)

Tx

Back 34

Chemotherapy

Front 35

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)

reservoir

Back 35

humans

Front 36

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)

transmission

Back 36

anal, oral, vaginal sex
congenital
sharing needles

Front 37

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, systemic)

prevention

Back 37

abstinence
safer sex
not sharing needles
testing if exposure was possible

Front 38

Genital warts
(chronic)

C.A.

Back 38

virus (HPV)

Front 39

Genital warts
(chronic)

Sx

Back 39

*warts affecting anus, genitals, and cervix
*can be oral
*painless and raised
*tiny or may spread into large clusters

Front 40

Genital warts
(chronic)

Tx

Back 40

Removal:
*cauterization
*chemotherapy
*scalpel surgery
*cryotherapy
*laser surgery

Front 41

Genital warts
(chronic)

reservoir

Back 41

humans

Front 42

Genital warts
(chronic)

transmission

Back 42

direct sexual contact
VERY contagious

Front 43

Genital warts
(chronic)

prevention

Back 43

abstinence
monogamy
vaccine (protects against 4 most common HPV strains)
safer sex

Front 44

Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(pinkeye)

C.A.

Back 44

streptococcus
staphylococcus

Front 45

Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(pinkeye)

Sx

Back 45

*conjunctive inflammation
*intense tearing
*sensitivity to light/touch
*swollen eyelids

Front 46

Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(pinkeye)

Tx

Back 46

ABC

Front 47

Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(pinkeye)

reservoir

Back 47

humans

Front 48

Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(pinkeye)

transmission

Back 48

endogenous
direct/indirect contact

Front 49

Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(pinkeye)

prevention

Back 49

PBH

Front 50

Trachoma
(#1 infectious cause for blindness)

C.A.

Back 50

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 51

Trachoma
(#1 infectious cause for blindness)

Sx

Back 51

*begins w/Sx for acute conjunctivitis
*eyelid scarring
*ingrown eyelashes
*cornea clouding
*if untreated early, scar tissue forms over cornea causing blindness and eye deformation

Front 52

Trachoma
(#1 infectious cause for blindness)

Tx

Back 52

ABC

Front 53

Trachoma
(#1 infectious cause for blindness)

reservoir

Back 53

humans
Indian reservations

Front 54

Trachoma
(#1 infectious cause for blindness)

transmission

Back 54

direct/indirect contact

Front 55

Trachoma
(#1 infectious cause for blindness)

prevention

Back 55

PBH
prompt diagnosis
mass screening

Front 56

Superficial staphylococcal infections:

Name

Back 56

*furuncles (boils and sties) and carbuncles
*acne
*paronychia
*impetigo
*decubitus ulcers

Front 57

Superficial staphylococcal infections

C.A.

Back 57

staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermis

Front 58

Superficial staphylococcal infections:

Tx

Back 58

ABC

Front 59

Superficial staphylococcal infections:

reservoir

Back 59

humans

Front 60

Superficial staphylococcal infections:

transmission

Back 60

endogenous
direct/indirect contact w/person, fomites, droplets

Front 61

Superficial staphylococcal infections:

prevention

Back 61

PBH
vaccine or toxoid for chronic cases

Front 62

Furuncles (boils and sties)

Back 62

Furuncle - infected hair follicle

Front 63

carbuncles

Back 63

mass of several skin boils filled with fluid, pus, and dead tissue

Front 64

acne

Back 64

patches of pimples, furuncles, carbuncles on any body area. common in adolesence

Front 65

paronychia
(hangnail)

Back 65

infection around nails w/redness and swelling

Front 66

Impetigo

Back 66

crops of blisters w/red inflamed base, blisters break infecting surrounding tissue, common in children (crusty sores)

Front 67

Decubitus Ulcers
(bed sores)

Back 67

lesions caused by minor but continuous skin irritations

Front 68

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

C.A.

Back 68

mycobacterium leprae

Front 69

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

Sx

Back 69

*feeds on connective tissue
*chronic, slow progressing disease of skin and peripheral nerves
*cauliflower ear
*bulbous nose
*two types: lepromatous
tuberculoid (develops more slowly and is less severe)

Front 70

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

Tx

Back 70

chemotherapy (MDT)
surgery

Front 71

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

reservoir

Back 71

human

Front 72

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

transmission

Back 72

direct contact over prolonged period
not highly contagious

Front 73

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

prevention

Back 73

early diagnosis and Tx

Front 74

Herpes Simplex Type 1
(Chronic)

C.A.

Back 74

virus

Front 75

Herpes simplex type 1
(chronic)

Sx

Back 75

nongenital infections:
*Dry eyes
*eczema
*cold sores
*meningoencephalitis

Front 76

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

Tx

Back 76

nonspecific
chemotherapy

Front 77

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

reservoir

Back 77

human

Front 78

Herpes simplex type 1
(chronic)

transmission

Back 78

direct contact, may exist as latent infection in sensory nerves

Front 79

Hansen's disease
(leprosy, systemic, chronic)

prevention

Back 79

PBH

Front 80

Tinea capitis

Back 80

ringworm of the scalp

Front 81

Tinea Curex
(jock itch)

Back 81

ringworm of the groin

Front 82

Tinea corporis

Back 82

ringworm of the body

Front 83

Tinea ungium

Back 83

ringworm of the nails

Front 84

Tinea pedis
(athletes foot)

Back 84

ringworm of the foot

Front 85

Hookworm disease

C.A.

Back 85

necator americanus

Front 86

Hookworm disease

Life cycle

Back 86

**An infected human defecates outdoors where eggs of hookworm are found in feces.
**under favorable conditions, eggs hatch
**baby larvae mature to infective (third stage) juvenile larva
**while barefoot, I step in feces contaminated with infective larva
**infective juveniles penetrate skin via small cuts in the feet
**juveniles make their way up the trachea where they are coughed up and swallowed
**Juveniles enter the small intestine where they attach and mature into adults
**Hookworms feed on blood and reproduce
**I defecate outdoors, passing eggs in the stool and continue the cycle

Front 87

Plague

C.A

Back 87

yersinia pestis

Front 88

Plague

carrier

Back 88

flea

Front 89

Typhus fevers

C.A

Back 89

rickettsia

Front 90

Typhus fevers

carrier

Back 90

body lice

Front 91

Spotted fever
(Rocky mountain fever, rash on palms and soles)

C.A.

Back 91

Rickettsia rickettsii

Front 92

Spotted fever
(Rocky mountain fever, rash on palms and soles)

carrier

Back 92

infected ticks

Front 93

Yellow fever

C.A.

Back 93

virus

Front 94

Yellow fever

carrier

Back 94

mosquito

Front 95

Encephalitis
(Easter, western and Venezuelan equine, st. louis encephalitis)

C.A.

Back 95

virus

Front 96

Encephalitis
(Easter, western and Venezuelan equine, st. louis encephalitis)

carrier

Back 96

mosquito

Front 97

Malaria

C.A.

Back 97

plasmodium

Front 98

Malaria

carrier

Back 98

mosquito

Front 99

Trypanosomiasis
(African sleeping sickness)

C.A.

Back 99

trypanosoma

Front 100

Trypanosomiasis
(African sleeping sickness)

carrier

Back 100

tsetse fly

Front 101

Anthrax
(systemic)

C.A

Back 101

bacillus anthracis

Front 102

Anthrax
(systemic)

Sx

Back 102

*skin infection begins as a raised itchy bump
*evolves to depressed, large black eschar
*surrounding tissue inflames as a pustule, grows and becomes:
*ulcerated and necrotic
*infection spreads via bloodstream causing septicemia - if untreated: shock and death
*LD20 if untreated
*inhalation = usually fatal
*intestinal = LD25-60

Front 103

Anthrax
(systemic)

Tx

Back 103

ABC

Front 104

Anthrax
(systemic)

reservoir

Back 104

haired domestic and farm animals

Front 105

Anthrax
(systemic)

transmission

Back 105

*direct contact w/infected animal
*indirect contact via contaminated animal products, soil, fomites
*spores can be injected, inhaled and injested

Front 106

Anthrax
(systemic)

prevention

Back 106

*animal vax
*isolation
*vax = unreliable

Front 107

Rabies
(hydrophobia)

C.A.

Back 107

virus

Front 108

Rabies
(hydrophobia)

Sx

Back 108

*fever, headache, malaise
*muscle spasms (neck and throat)
*seizure and respiratory paralysis follow
*survival rate rare
*bite location affects incubation

Front 109

Rabies
(hydrophobia)

Tx

Back 109

hyperimmune antirabies serum
**vax only effective prior to onset of Sx

Front 110

Rabies
(hydrophobia)

reservoir

Back 110

animals (dogs, bats, other carnivores)

Front 111

Rabies
(hydrophobia)

transmission

Back 111

bite of infected animal

Front 112

Rabies
(hydrophobia)

prevention

Back 112

animal immunization

Front 113

Tetnus
(lockjaw, systemic)

C.A.

Back 113

clostridium tetani

Front 114

Tetanus
(lockjaw, systemic)

Sx

Back 114

*jaw/neck stiffness
*difficulty swallowing
*spasm of the neck, back and abdominal muscles
*spasms of respiratory muscles may cause acute asphyxia

Front 115

Tetanus
(lockjaw, systemic)

Tx

Back 115

tetanus antitoxin and ABC
hyperbaric chamber

Front 116

Tetanus
(lockjaw, systemic)

reservoir

Back 116

endogenous to human intestinal tract
soil

Front 117

Tetanus
(lockjaw, systemic)

transmission

Back 117

puncture wound or other injury

Front 118

Tetanus
(lockjaw, systemic)

prevention

Back 118

DTaP (2,4,6,18 mths 4-6 years
booster every 10 years

Front 119

Gas Gangrene
(systemic)

C.A.

Back 119

clostridium perfringens

Front 120

Gas Gangrene
(systemic)

Sx

Back 120

*tissue necrosis
*severe anemia and toxemia
*tissue decomposition caused by gas production

Front 121

Gas Gangrene
(systemic)

Tx

Back 121

penicillin
debridement

Front 122

Gas Gangrene
(systemic)

reservoir

Back 122

endogenous to human intestinal tract
soil

Front 123

Gas Gangrene
(systemic)

transmission

Back 123

puncture wound or other injury

Front 124

Gas Gangrene
(systemic)

prevention

Back 124

isolation