Microbiology Test 2 Prokaryotes

Front 1

All living things are made of of cells which have a bsic structyure of cell ____, cytoplasm, chromosome and Ribosomes

Back 1

Membrane

Front 2

These types of living cells are eubacteria and archaebacteria, the lack a nucleus and organells

Back 2

Prokaryote

Front 3

These are the widest variety fo single cells. Some are like protozoa and some are complex as a human. These cellsa re composed of organelles and a nucleus.

Back 3

Eukaryote

Front 4

These are not considered a living cell

Back 4

virus

Front 5

These cells have strands of DNA not enclosed in a membrane.

Back 5

Prokaryotes

Front 6

These cells have DNA called chromosomes located within the nuclear membrane

Back 6

Eukaryotes

Front 7

Prokayrotes reproduce by ___ ____ where cells split equally in two extermemly fast production

Back 7

binary fission

Front 8

Eukaryotes can have a ____ ___ or _____ ______ which is the division of parent cell into 2 daughter cells

Back 8

Sexual preproduction
asexual reproduction.

Front 9

In prokaryotes, _____ (which produce protein) are scattered thru out cytoplasm

Back 9

ribosomes

Front 10

In eukaryotes, ribosomes are in the _____ and the ____ _____

Back 10

cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum

Front 11

In prokaryotes, metabolism occurs by ____ ___ andpigments that are in specialized ares of the cell membrane

Back 11

photosynthetic reactions.

Front 12

Energy is produced in the ____ of eukaryotes

Back 12

mitochondria

Front 13

These cells have unusual flagella or special fibrils that cause a GLIDING MOTION.

Back 13

prokaryotes

Front 14

these cells have cilia, flagtella or psudopods.

Back 14

eukaryotes

Front 15

this is the capacity to respond to chemical, mechanical or light stimuli. Both Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have this.

Back 15

Irritability

Front 16

True or false. Prokaryotes don't have rigid cell walls for support?

Back 16

False

Front 17

Eukaryotes have cell walls in some algae and fungi but not protozoa?

Back 17

True

Front 18

Both prok's and euk's both have cell membranes to transport materials in and out of the cell

Back 18

True

Front 19

True motility is when ____ is made

Back 19

progress

Front 20

In Prokaryotes the _____ is a filament made of flagellin (protein) inserted into a tubular hook, which attached to the cell by a ___ ___ (a stack of rings withing a cell wall)

Back 20

flagella, Basal body

Front 21

This cell moves by 360° rotation

Back 21

prokaryote

Front 22

Flagella of eukaryotes undulate back and forth

Back 22

true

Front 23

Two types of arrangments of flagella:
Attached at both ends are called?
All over the surface of the cell

A. Peritricous B. Polar

Back 23

B.
A.

Front 24

Polar flagella is called ___trichous and at both ends are called ____trichous

Back 24

mono, lopho

Front 25

In prokaryotes forward movement (run) is what rotation

Back 25

Counter clockwise

Front 26

In prokaryotes, this reverses direction and changes course (tumble) what rotation

Back 26

clockwise.

Front 27

This is flagella in spirochetes (cork-screw shaped bacteria) cuases wriggly motion

Back 27

Periplasmic
axial filaments

Front 28

Small, bristle like fibers caused cells to stick to each other or on surfaces (like biofilms) adhering to something.
Tubular structure made of pilin (gm bacteria) used in transfer of DNA.

A. Pilus B. Fimbria

Back 28

B. A.

Front 29

This is the protection of cells:
Coating of macromolecules consisting of protein or polysaccharides.
A. Glycocalyx B. Slime Layer C. capusles

Back 29

A.

Front 30

Protection of the cell:
This is a gluey type of structure- Loose covering, Dehydration and loss of nutrients

A. Glycocalyx B. Slime Layer C. capusles

Back 30

b.

Front 31

Protection of the cell:
Thick, tighter covering looks mucoid makes bacteria more pathogenic- enhances virulence.

A. Glycocalyx B. Slime Layer C. capusles

Back 31

C.

Front 32

This structure is what helps form the shape of bacteria in prokaryotes. Helps give structural support from changing osmotic pressure. gets this from macromolecule -peptidoglycan

Back 32

cell wall

Front 33

Long glycan chanes crosslinked with short peptides.

Back 33

peptidoglycan

Front 34

This gram cell wall has an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharades and lipoproteins, It is a thin layer of peptidoglycan.

Back 34

Negative

Front 35

This gram cellwall has a think layer of peptidogylcan with tehoic acid. has no or narrow periplasmic space (space between cell wall and cell membrane.

Back 35

Positive

Front 36

Arcahebacteria have ___peptidoglycan layer.

Back 36

no

Front 37

These have sterols in cell membrane- resist lysis

Back 37

mycoplasms

Front 38

This is a form of bacteria that loose cell wall during life cycle, can develop naturally or be induced with chemicals possibly may be done in chronic infections.

Back 38

L form

Front 39

Gram positives =
Gram negatives=

Back 39

Protoplasts
spheroplasts

Front 40

This structure has a thin flexible sheet, has lipid bylayer site for energy reactions. Nutrients processing synthesis. It is semi-permeable so it regulates nutrients entering and wastes excreted.

Back 40

Cell membrane

Front 41

The internal structures of prokaryotic cells:
Complex soltution 70-80% is H2O
A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 41

A.

Front 42

Long molecules of DNA that is tightly coiled in central area of cell-Has no membrane (nuleoid)
A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 42

B.

Front 43

These are pieces of DNA- carries protective traits- like drug resistance, production of toxins

A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 43

C.

Front 44

in this structure is where protein synthesis takes place (RNA & proteins) specks in cytoplasm

A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 44

D.

Front 45

These are used for food and storage, Some are gas vacuoles for buoyancy and fltation, some are granules of inorganix compounds.

A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 45

E

Front 46

This structure is compoesed of bacterial actin to stablize shape.

A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 46

F.

Front 47

These are usually formed when nutrients are depleted. They are the hardiest of all life forms. Heat resistant because of high calcium and dipicolinic acid, Which can last forever.

A. Cytoplasm
B. Chromsomes
C. Plasmids
D. Ribosomes
E. Inclusions
F. Cytoskeleton
G. Endospores

Back 47

G

Front 48

Marority of spore formers are non-pathogenic, but some are pathogens.

Back 48

Info

Front 49

Morphology =

Back 49

shape

Front 50

Round spherical

A. Bacillus/rod B. coccus c. spirrilllum

Back 50

B

Front 51

Bacterial shape Cylindrical

A. Bacillus or rod B. coccus C. Spirillum

Back 51

A.

Front 52

Spirillum shapes are more ___ and spirochete are more _____

Back 52

rigid, Flexible

Front 53

Bacterial shapes can have a variety of shapes called

Back 53

pleomorphism

Front 54

short plump rod

Back 54

coccobacillus

Front 55

curved rod

Back 55

vibrio

Front 56

What is the major resource for bacgterial classification

Back 56

Bergey's manual of systemic bacteriology

Front 57

Medical biologists uses ___type identification.

Back 57

Pheno

Front 58

Gram positive= fimicutes
Gram neg=gracilicutes
no cell walls=Tenericutes

Back 58

info

Front 59

Names by genus and species is called

Back 59

binomial system of nomenclature

Front 60

Non-pathogenic Blue green bacteria have thylakoids which contain chlorphyll and other photosytnthetic pigments. These are called ___ bacteria

Back 60

cyano

Front 61

This is a variety of gram negative bactyeria that glyde over moist surfaces, have fibers on outer membrane for motility myxobacteria (slim bacteria)

Back 61

Gliding

Front 62

Fruiting bacteria are structurs is a survival mechanism for spores like seen with fungi

Back 62

info

Front 63

These groups are obligated intracellular parasites they liven in host cells. Nees a living celll to evolve

Back 63

Pathogenic

Front 64

Very tiny gram negative baceria have very atypicle life cycles- most have arthropod host ned host cell for multiplying and for metabolism.

Ricketsias or chlaymdias

Back 64

Ricketsais

Front 65

Need nost for growth andmetabolism not transmitted by arthropods- very tiny.

Rickettsias chlamydieas

Back 65

chlamydias

Front 66

This type of prokaryote is most primitive of life forms. have unique genetic sequences in their ribosomal RNA and have unique genetic membrane lipids and cell wall construction survive in extreme environments.

Back 66

archaebacteria

Front 67

Convert co2 and h2 into methane gases
Methanogens
halophiles
psychrophiles
hyperthemophiles

Back 67

Methanogens

Front 68

high tolerance to salt
Methanogens
halophiles
psychrophiles
hyperthemophiles

Back 68

halophiles

Front 69

loves cold temperatures

Methanogens
halophiles
psychrophiles
hyperthemophiles

Back 69

psychrophiles

Front 70

loves high temperatures

Methanogens
halophiles
psychrophiles
hyperthemophiles

Back 70

hyperthermophiles