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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What caused the bubonic plague in 550 to 1350?
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bacteria and transmitted by bites from fleas or from rat bites.
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Who devised the 1st magnifying lenses and observed plant cells in cork from under bark from tree and developed compound scope?
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1665 robert hooke
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Who came up with the term "cell"?
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robert hooke
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who developed muchbetter lenses w/ up to 300x magnification?
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VanLeeuwenhoek
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what did Van Leeuwenhoek observe w/ the 300x magnification?
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bacteria,protozoa,fungi, and algae
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who developed the binomial classification in the early 1800's
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Linneaus
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in the early 1800's the scientist of the time thought that maggots arose from spoiled rotten food, is this true and who discovered the answer?
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Redi (italian researcher)
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what year was it when battles or wars were lost due to microbes?
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100 BC
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who invented pasteurization?
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Pasteur
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what is pasteurization?
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its the process of heating to 56 degrees c for 30 minutes.
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Does pasteurization kill microorganisms?
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No but it does kill pathogens
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what are some of the things that are pasteurized?
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milk, beer, and wine
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what is Koch's Postulates?
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"germ theory" a particular organism causes a particular disease.
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what are the exceptions to the koch's postulates?
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syphilis and aids
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who identified the organisms causing cholera,TB adn anthrax?
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Robert Koch
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Who taught the 1st microbiology course and where?
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Robert Koch at University of Berlin in 1880's
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What is puerperal fever?
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it was the common cause of maternal death following child birth.
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what was the cause of this fever and who found the prevention?
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Semmelweis and Lister. wash the hands before and after child birth and autopsies.
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what is the aseptic technique and who invented it?
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Lister was coined the Father of Aseptic Technique, the sterilization of instruments w/carbolic acid between surgeries.
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When was viruses 1st seen and w/what were they seen with?
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in 1935 viruses were first seen w/an electron microscope.
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what was the first virus seen?
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tobacco mosaic virus
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What was Dr. Reed known for?
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he was convinced that yellow fever virus had to do w/mosquitos.
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what is the study of immunology?
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the study of how your immune system reacts w/microbes
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what is immunology defined as?
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the host to a desease organism.
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what did edward jenner do in the 1700s?
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-he prepared a vaccine from the fluid of cowpox lesions
-he also came up w/the word vaccine from vaca which means cows. |
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Who invented the 1st rabies vaccine?
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Pasteur
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who discovered tha t some bodies cells could ingest microbes and what did he name it?
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Metchnikoff; phagocytes (eating cells)
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what is chemotherapy?
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-the use of chemicals to treat or fightinfections
-moldy bread (penicillin) -treated pain or headaches w/extract of willow bark (aspirin) |
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in the middle ages they used a certain plant to treat heart disease, what was the name of the plant?
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foxglove (digoxin)
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what did they treat malaria w/in the middle ages?
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Cinchona tree bark (quinine)
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what did Alexander Fleming do?
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-discovered that penicillin mold produced a substance that killed staph.A
-first true antibiotic |
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sulfa drugs in 1935
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used to treat general infections
a metalic compound of sulfur still used today to treat primarily urinary infections or bladder infections |
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in 1953 what did Watson and Crick do?
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DNA structure
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what is microscopy?
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technology of making very small things visible to human eye.
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what is light?
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it is composed of particles called photons
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what are photons?
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little packages of energy which travels in waves
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what is a wavelength or length of light ray?
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distance between waves
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what is resolution?
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the abilith to see two items as separate
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as light rays pass through an object, one or more of these things may occur
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reflection, transmission, absorbtion, diffraction and refraction
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explain what happens in rflection...
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light strikes the object and it bounces back
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explain what happens in transmission
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is the passage of light through an object
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what are the two types of absorbtion?
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luminescence and phosphorescence
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what happens in the absorption?
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all of the light is absorbed
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explain luminescence
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the light is absorbed and it is chaged into longer wavelengths and then re-emitted(florescence)
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what happens in phosphorescence?
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means that the object continues to emit light even when light rays no longer strike it
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diffraction?
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the light waves are broken into bands of different wavelengths when passing through a small opening
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refraction?
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the bending of a light passing from one medium to another
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what is immersion oil used for?
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to dcrease refraction and diffusion
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how does the immersion oil decrease refraction and diffusion?
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because the oil has same index of refraction as glass.this oil removes air as a medium see things much clearer
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light microscope?
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uses visable light to make these specimens visible
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compound light microscope
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it has several lenses
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what is a bright field microscopy?
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light transmitted through specimen
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? dark field microscopy?
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this type of microscope there is a special condenser(dark field condensor) causes the light to be reflected off of the specimen
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phase contrast microscopy
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uses special condenser (to observe alive and unstained organism)
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florescent microscopy
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ultraviolet light is used and causes different wavelengths to be released by some organisms.
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electron microscopy
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uses beam of electons
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when do you use a transmission electron microscope?
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for veiwing small internal cellular structures and it has a magnification up to 500,000X
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what does a scanning electron microscope do?
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creates 3D images of the surface of a specimen and magnifies up to 5000X(costed w/gold or palladium)
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what ared some ways to prepare specimens for light microscope
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-wet mounts
-hanging drop (special version of wet mount) -smears -process of staining |
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how do you wet mount?
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a drop of medium containing the specimen in place on a microscope slide and it is covered w/a coverslip
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