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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of living things too small to be seen without magnification
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Microbiology
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microscopic organisms commonly called "germs,viruses,agents" but not all cause disease and many more are useful or essential to human life.
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Microorganisms or Microbes
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What are the 5 major groups of Microorganisms
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Bacteria
Algae Protozoa Helminthes & Fungi |
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nocellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements that can infect all living things, including other mircoorgansims
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viruses
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What are the 6 main branches of Microbiology?
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-Agricultural
-Biotechnology -Food, Dairy, and Aquatic -Genetic Engineering and recombinant DNA technology -Public Health and Epidemiology -Immunology |
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What are the 3 emerging areas of microbiology?
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-Geomicrobiology
-Marine Microbiology -Astromicrobiology |
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How far back do bacterial-like organisms in the fossil record date?
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3.5 Billion Years ago
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What is an organism without a true neucleus called?
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Prokaryotes
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How long after Prokaryotes did Eukaryotes emerge?
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2 Billion Years later
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What are organisms with a true nucleus called?
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Eukaryotes
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What are the 3 ubiquity factors of microorganisms?
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-Found nearly everywhere
-Occur in large numbers -Live in places many other organisms cannot |
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Bacteria conducted what before plants appeared?
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Photosynthesis
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What are the two types of photosynthesis?
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-Anoxygenic
-Oxygenic |
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Biological _____ and nutrient recycling.
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decomposition
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What are 3 examples of human use of microorgansims?
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-Baker's and Brewer's yeast
-Cheeses -Moldy breads on wounds |
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What is it called when humans manipulate microorgansims to make products in an industrial setting?
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Biotechnology
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Creating new products and genetically modified organisms is called?
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Genetic Engineering
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Allows microbes to be engineered to synthesize desirable proteins is called?
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Recombinant DNA Technology
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introducing microbes in to the environment to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants such as oil spills, chemical spills, and water and sewage treatment.
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Bioremediation
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What are disease causing organims?
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Pathogens
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What are 6 examples of diseases not previously linked to microorganisms now are?
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-Gastric Ulcers
-Certain Cancers -Schizophrenia -Multiple Sclerosis -OCD -Coronary Artery Disease |
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Prokaryotic cells are about _________ than eukaryotic cells.
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10 times smaller
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Prokaryotic cells lack many cell structures such as _______.
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organelles
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All _______ are microorganisms but only some ______ are.
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Prokaryotes
Eukaroytes |
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What are not independently living cellular organisms?
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Viruses
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Much simpler than cells-basically a small amound of ____ or ____ wrapped in ____ and sometimes by a _____ membrane.
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Viruses
DNA-RNA Protein-Lipid |
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Individual viruses are called what?
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Virus particle or virion.
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Viruses depend on what to multiply and disperse?
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The infected cell's machinery
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Some microorganisms are______.
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Parasites
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Most live in a free existence.
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Microorganisms
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What was the key to the study of microorganisms?
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development of the microscope.
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What was the earliest record of mictobes?
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Work from Robert Hooke in the 1660's.
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The most careful observations of microbes was possible after ________ created the _______.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
microscope |
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Known as the father of bacteriology and protozoology.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
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How did early scientist explain natural phenomena?
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A mixture of belief, superstition, and argument.
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When did true scientific thinking develop?
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1600's.
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Acoording to the scientific method you should formulate a _______.
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Hypothesis.
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Most use the ________ to apply the scientific method.
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Deductive Approach.
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What leads to conclusions which either _____ or _____ the hypothesis.
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Experimentation, analysis, and testing
support or refute. |
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Hypothesis can eventually become ________.
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Theories.
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Theories can eventually become what?
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Laws or principles.
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Who worked with infusions in the mid-1800's?
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Louis Pasteur
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Who showed evidence that some microbes have very high heat resistance and are difficult to destroy?
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John Tyndall
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Who is known for spores and sterilization?
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Ferdinand Cohn
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