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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are antibacterial agents that target the cell wall?
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penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitrain, cycloserine
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what are antibacterial agents that target the cell membrane?
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polymyxins, polyene antibiotics (for fungi)
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what is methicillin
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semisynthetic penicillin that is resistant to cleavage by penicillinase
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what are antibacterial agents that target the cell wall?
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penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitrain, cycloserine
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what are antibacterial agents that target the cell membrane?
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polymyxins, polyene antibiotics (for fungi)
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what is penicillin V?
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more acid resistant, preferred oral form
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what is methicillin
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semisynthetic penicillin that is resistant to cleavage by penicillinase
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what is ampicillin?
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first broad-spectrum penicillin
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what is penicillin V?
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more acid resistant, preferred oral form
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what is carbenicillin?
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have broad range against gram negatives
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what is ampicillin?
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first broad-spectrum penicillin
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what are the penicillinase resistant penicillins?
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methicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin
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what is carbenicillin?
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have broad range against gram negatives
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what is isoniazid?
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a bactericidal agent that effects cell wall, growth factor analog used to treat TB
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what are the penicillinase resistant penicillins?
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methicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin
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what is vancomycin?
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a cell wall inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidation
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what is isoniazid?
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a bactericidal agent that effects cell wall, growth factor analog used to treat TB
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what is bacitracin?
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mixture of polypeptides topically applied for skin infections caused by gram + bacteria
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what is vancomycin?
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a cell wall inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidation
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what is bacitracin?
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mixture of polypeptides topically applied for skin infections caused by gram + bacteria
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what are polymyxins?
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cyclic polypeptide detergents that disrupt cytoplasmic membranes- bacteriocidal
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what are quinolones?
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bacteriocidal agents- inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)
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how do rifamycins inhibit transcription initiation?
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inhibits formation of first phosphodiester bonds in growing RNA chain
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how does actinomycin D inhibit transcription initiation?
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binds tightly and specifically to double helical dNA and thereby prevents it from being an effective template for RNA synthesis
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what are examples of aminoglycosides?
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streptomycin, kanamycin, getnamicin, neomycyin
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what do aminoglycosides do?
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inhibit translation by binding to 30S subunit of ribosome
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what are macrolides?
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bacteriostatic agents that inhibit translation through 50S subunit
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what are two types of quinolones?
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fluoroquinolone and nalidixic acid
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how do bacteria gain resistance to aminoglycosides?
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N-acetylation of amino groups on the sugars
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what is clindamycin?
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a lincosamide bacteriostatic member inhibit translation elongation by binding 50S subunit
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what are the side effects of clindamycin?
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severe diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (caused by overgrowth of C. difficile in colon)
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what are tetracyclines?
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broad range inhibitors of translation elongation-- bind 30S subunit
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what are the side effects of tetracycline?
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superinfections due to disruption of normal flora, can lead to liver damage, brown staining of teeth in fetuses and young children
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what is chloramphenicol?
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inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S
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what are the side effects of chloramphenicol?
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disrupts protein synthesis in human bone marrow cells, results in anemia due to death of RBC's
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what are sulfonamides?
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disrupt folate metabolism (antifolates)
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what is minimum inhibitory concentration?
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lowest concentration that inhibits bacterial growth
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what are the 9 desirable properties of antibiotics?
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soluble, work at physiological pH, break down slowly, selectively toxic, work at small doses, no hypersensitivity, low resistance, bacteriocidal, stable
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steps to choose correct antibiotic?
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ID organism, know the antibiotic, know the patient history, know other meds, know of any allergies, severity of infection, dose and route of administration
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if patient comes back after given antibiotic?
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dose, antibiotic given correctly, host immune status, could antibiotic get to infection, drug resistant
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