Microbiology Test 1

Front 1

Anyone Van Leeuwenhoek

Back 1

Credited with being the first to create a microscope and observe microorganisms

Front 2

Robert Hooke

Back 2

Coined the term cell. Credited with cell theory.

Front 3

Cell theory

Back 3

All living things are composed of cells

Front 4

Schleiden and schwann

Back 4

Credited with cell theory

Front 5

Rudolph Virchow

Back 5

Credited with the biogenisis theory

Front 6

Biogenisis theory

Back 6

All living organisms are composed of cells and must come from previously living calls

Front 7

Spontaneous Generation

Back 7

Life can arise spontaneously from nonliving matter

Front 8

Louis Pastuer

Back 8

Disproved spontaneous Generation. Theory by showing that microorganisms are in the air and can contaminate a seemingly sterile solution. But the air doesn't create the microbes

Fermentation was caused by microorganisms

Invented Pasteurization process

Microorganisms cause pneumonia

Front 9

Pasteurization Process

Back 9

If you heat something like beer milk or wine you can kill most of the bacteria that cause the spoilage.

Front 10

Germ Theory

Back 10

Certain microorganisms can cause certain diseases

Front 11

Immunization

Back 11

Artificial exposure to a foreign agent to help the body develop a resistance to the agent.

Front 12

Vaccination

Back 12

Introduction of a pathogen into the body by artificial means

Same as immunization

Front 13

Joseph Lister

Back 13

Developed aseptic techniques

Front 14

Mad Cow Disease

Back 14

Caused by a protein called prion. This protein is folded the wrong way and causes other proteins to fold the same way

Front 15

Paul Ehrlich

Back 15

Developed the first antibiotic substance

Called salvarsan which treated syphilis

Front 16

Alexander felming

Back 16

Discovered penicillin by accident. The first antibiotics grown for production

Front 17

Watson and crick

Back 17

Came up with the model of the DNA, what it looks like, and how it works

Front 18

Pathogen

Back 18

Disease causing organism

Front 19

Chemotherapy

Back 19

Use of chemicals for treatment of diseases.

Front 20

Synthetic drugs

Back 20

Man made drugs

Front 21

Antibiotics

Back 21

Substances produced by organisms to kill other organisms.

Front 22

Antibodies

Back 22

Proteins produced by lymphocytes in your immune system to fight against pathogens

Front 23

Flora

Back 23

Beneficial bacteria that lives in or on you

Front 24

Gram (+) & Gram (-)

Back 24

Classification of organisms based on the type of cell wall

Used as a way to organize bacteria

Front 25

Organism classification

Back 25

How organisms are grouped

Front 26

Taxonomy

Back 26

The science of how organisms are grouped

Front 27

Carolus linnacus

Back 27

Father of taxobomy

Front 28

Organism classification subgroups

Back 28

Kingdom

Division

Class

Order

Genus

Species

Front 29

Binomial Nomenclature

Back 29

THe use of two names to organize or group

Front 30

Whittaker

Back 30

3 kingdoms, then later 5 kingdoms

Front 31

5 kingdoms

Back 31

1. Animals - tissues/ingest food/multicellular

2. Plants - make own food/photosynthetic

3. Protista

4. Fungi

5. Monera

Front 32

3 domains

Back 32

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Archea

Front 33

Prokaryotic Traits

Back 33

No nucleus

No nuclear membrane

Have ribosomes

No ensomembrane

Has cell wall and membrane

Single circular double stranded chromosomes

Front 34

Eukaryotic

Back 34

Enclosed nucleus

Doesn't always have a cell wall

Has cell membrane

Has ribosomes

Has ensomembrane system

Front 35

Genome

Back 35

All of the genetic information for an organism

Front 36

Ribosomes

Back 36

Made of rrna and proteins

Front 37

Basis for organism classification

Back 37

1. Shape, arrangement

2. Chemical comp of cell wall (gram + or gram -)

3. Nutritional requirements

4. Enzyme presence or metabolic activity

5. Source of energy *organic, inorganic or light

Front 38

Kingdom fungi characteristics

Back 38

Eukaryotic

Unicellular or multicellular

Cell wall is made of chitin

Reproduces sexually, asexually, or by binary fission

Heterotrophic and absorptive - gets food from outside source, absorbs food

Front 39

Kingdom protista Characteristics

Back 39

Unicellular with some multicellular colonies

Front 40

Beneficial use of microbes

Back 40

1. Food production

2. O2 production

3. Nitrogen production

4. Sewage treatment

5. Insect and pest control

6. Industrial production

7.GMO

Front 41

Acid

Back 41

Any substance that gives off hydrogen ions in solution

Front 42

Base

Back 42

Any substance that gives off an hydroxyde ion in solution

Front 43

Carbohydrates

Back 43

ORGANIC

1:2:1

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Gives energy and structure

Front 44

Fats

Back 44

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

H is most abundant

More hydrogen = more saturated = solid in room temp & from an animal

Unsaturated fat is from a plant

Front 45

Protein

Back 45

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Amino acids. Building blocks, enzymes

Front 46

Nucleic acids

Back 46

Nucleotides, building blocks of DNA RNA ATP

A,G,T

Front 47

Bacterial characteristics - 11

Back 47

Front 48

Structures outside of the cell wall

Back 48

Flagellum

- mono - single and one pole

- lopho - two or more at one or both poles

- Amphi - one at each pole

- peri - all over

Capsules

Axial filaments

Pillow

Front 49

Process of gram staining

Back 49

Front 50

What is in both gram + and gram -

Back 50

Peptidoglycan

Front 51

Lysosome

Back 51

Found only in eukaryotic cells

Storage units with digestive enzymes

Front 52

Lysozyme

Back 52

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

Kills bacteria by chemical secretion

Front 53

L. Form

Back 53

A cell wall is damaged by a mutation or by exposure to antibiotics

Front 54

4 functions of a cell membrane

Back 54

Regulates

Contains

Protects

Shape

Front 55

Morphology of a bacteria

Back 55

Spherical

Rod

Spiral

Vibiro - comma

Coccobacilli - round/rod

Plemorphic - changes

Front 56

Arrangement of bacteria

Back 56

Staphylo - cluster

Strepto - chain

Diplo - pair

Tetrad - 4

Sacinia - 8

Front 57

Psychophiles

Back 57

Loves cold

Front 58

Psychotrophs

Back 58

Lives at various temperature a

Front 59

Mesophile

Back 59

Loves moderate temperatures

Front 60

Thermophiles

Back 60

Loves heat

Front 61

Plasmolysis

Back 61

Preservation of food with salt

Front 62

Halophile

Back 62

Salt loving

Front 63

Culture media

Back 63

A nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms

Front 64

Culture

Back 64

Microbes grown on or in a culture medium

Front 65

Medium

Back 65

Must be sterile

Front 66

Agar

Back 66

Complex polysaccharide derived from marine algae

Front 67

Chemically defined media

Back 67

The exact chemical makeup is known

Front 68

Complex media

Back 68

Made of nutrients such as extracts or proteins

Front 69

Selective media

Back 69

Suppresses growth of unwanted and encourages growth of wanted

BISMUTH SULFATE AGAR

Front 70

Differential media

Back 70

Makes it easier to differentiate between the types of organisms.

Blood agar

Front 71

What medium is both selective and differential

Back 71

MSA