Microbiology Terms Unit Iv

Front 1

sterilization

Back 1

removal of all forms of microbial life and endospores

Front 2

disinfection

Back 2

Any treatment used on inanimate objects to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms

Front 3

Antisepsis

Back 3

destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue

Front 4

disease

Back 4

any change in a state of health; when part or all of the body is not "healthy"

Front 5

pathogen

Back 5

a disease causing organism

Front 6

infection

Back 6

the invasion or growth of microorganisms in the body

Front 7

virulence

Back 7

the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism

Front 8

resistance

Back 8

the ability to ward off diseases through nonspecific and specific diseases

Front 9

Antiseptic

Back 9

Chemical used to disinfect skin or membranes

Front 10

Antisepsis

Back 10

A chemical method for disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes.

Front 11

What is the chemical called that is used to kill or inhibit microbe growth?

Back 11

disinfectant

Front 12

transient flora

Back 12

May be present for several days, weeks, months then disappear

Front 13

normal flora

Back 13

microorganisms that establish more/less permanent residence (colonize) but do not produce disease under normal conditions

Front 14

zoonoses

Back 14

disease primarily in the wild and domestic animals that can be transmitted to humans

Front 15

systemic infection
generalized = systemic

Back 15

microorganisms or products are spread through body by blood and/or lymph

Front 16

localized infection

Back 16

invading microorganisms are limited to a small area of the body

Front 17

antigen

Back 17

invokes an immune response/ a substance that invokes a specific immune response

Front 18

give examples of zoonoses

Back 18

Rabies (bats, skunks, foxes, dogs, and cats) Lyme disease (field mice), anthrax, ringworm

Front 19

endemic disease

Back 19

a disease constantly present in a population; common cold

Front 20

epidemic disease

Back 20

many people in a given area aquire a certain disease in a relatively short period; AIDS, std's

Front 21

pandemic disease

Back 21

an epidemic disease that occurs world wide; influenzas

Front 22

etiology

Back 22

the cause of disease

Front 23

AIDS

Back 23

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Front 24

anaphylactic shock

Back 24

a serious allergic reaction; involve IgE antibodies

Front 25

What does LD50 stand for?

Back 25

lethal dose for 50% of a population

Front 26

What does ID50 stand for?

Back 26

infectious dose for 50% of a sample population

Front 27

What does LD50 stand for?

Back 27

lethal dose for 50% of a population

Front 28

What does ID50 stand for?

Back 28

infectious dose for 50% of a sample population

Front 29

eith

Back 29

w

Front 30

microbial antagonism

Back 30

Where there is competion between microbes

Front 31

the upset of balance between normal microbiota and pathogenic microbes can result in...

Back 31

disease

Front 32

Explain the process of inflammation

Back 32

a)damage to body's tissues
b)vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
c)phagocyte migration and phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris by macrophages and neutrophils.
d) tissue repair

Front 33

Signs and symptoms of inflammation

Back 33

redness
pain
heat
swelling
(also loss of function)

Front 34

Explain what happens during the tissue damage stage of inflammation

Back 34

Once tissue is damaged, chemicals - histamine, kinins, prostaglandins and leukotrienes - are released by damaged cells.

A blood clot forms

Abscess starts to form

Front 35

Explain what happens during vasodilation.

Back 35

blood vessels enlarge or dilate.

Front 36

during the second phase of inflammation, what happens?

Back 36

Margination where phagocytes stick to endothelium

Emigration where phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells

Phagocytosis of invading bacteria

Front 37

What's the First line of defense mean?

Back 37

physical barriers

chemical barriers

genetic barriers

Front 38

Examples of physical barrier

Back 38

skin, mucous membranes, oil, silia

Front 39

Example of chemical barrier

Back 39

tears, sweat

Front 40

Example of genetic barrier

Back 40

born w/HIV immunity

feline leukemia (nonhuman)

Front 41

What's the 2nd line of defense?

Back 41

Inflammation
-vasodilation
-edema and chemotaxis
=swelling
Interferon and pyrogen = fever
Phagocytes
-survey
-ingest and eliminate (phagocytosis)
-extract antigens

Front 42

What's the 3rd line of defense?

Back 42

Specific Immune Response
-Humoral Response
*Antibodies
*Five types:
-IgG
-IgM
-IgA
-IgD
-IgE

Front 43

immunity

Back 43

The body's defense against particular pathogenic microorganisms also called specific resistance

Front 44

Naturally acquired passive immunity examples

Back 44

from mother to baby

Front 45

Artificially acquired active immunity examples

Back 45

from vaccinations

Front 46

vaccination

Back 46

introduces specially prepared antigens(vaccines) into the body.

Front 47

Naturally acquired active immunity

Back 47

happens when person is exposed during daily life

Front 48

Naturally acquired active immunity examples

Back 48

chicken pox, measles, intestinal diseases

Front 49

describe the structure of an antibody

Back 49

4 poly peptide chains
2 heavy 2 light chains
2heavy chains are longer with more amino acids

Front 50

describe the polypeptide chains in the structure of an antibody

Back 50

each chain has a

constant portion: aa sequence the same

variable portion: the sequence is different/changed
-the changed shape better fits the antigen

Antigen binds to a portion

Front 51

What is meant by a "good antigen"?

Back 51

have these characteristics:

correct size

protein markers

must be non-self

Front 52

inactivated vaccine

Back 52

use microbes that have been killed.

Front 53

attenuated vaccine

Back 53

use living but weakened(attenuated) microbes.

Front 54

Examples of attenuated vaccines:

Back 54

MMR, polio (Sabin)

Front 55

Examples of inactivated vaccines:

Back 55

rabies, influenza, polia (salk)