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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolism
|
sum of all chemical reactions going on in a cell or microorganism
|
|
Catabolism
|
breakdown of food materials for the release of food
|
|
Anabolism
|
building of new cellular compounds
|
|
Autotrophic organisms
|
radiant energy from the sun to chemical energy
|
|
heterotrophic organisms
|
require organic matter as source of energy
|
|
photosynthesis
|
autotrophic/ sun energy to chemical energy
|
|
photosynthesis equation
|
sunlight + 6H2O + 6CO2--> 6O2 + C6H12O11
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|
reduced state
|
added electrons
|
|
oxidized state
|
removed electrons
|
|
carbohydrate function
|
energy storage, transport molecule
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|
carbohydrate made of…
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simple sugars like starch
|
|
protein function
|
structural support, protection, catalysis, transport, defense, regulation, movement
|
|
Protein made of…
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amino acids
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|
Nucleic acid Function
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encode hereditary informatin bound in nucleotides
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Nucleic acid made of…
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DNA RNA
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Lipids function
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energy storage, cell membranes, capture of light energy, hormones, and vitamins, thermal insulation, electrical insulation of nerves, water repellency
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Lipids made of…
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fatty acids and glycerol like fats, oils and waxes
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|
Which animals can break down cellulose? What are they called?
|
Herbivorous animals/protozoa, bacteria and funti in the digestive tract break down polysacchurides to disaccharides and monosaccharides
|
|
ATP
|
adenosine triphosphate/high energy molecule that releases a phosphate and causes a high energy release
|
|
ADP
|
adenosine diphosphate/missing a phosphate.
|
|
Glycolysis
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catabolism of glucose, resulting in the production of pyruvic acid…in 10 steps, 2 ATP and 2 pyruvic acids are created
|
|
how is glycolysis initated
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by adding 2 ATP
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|
phosphorylation
|
addition of phosphorous to a molecule/substrate phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
|
|
NAD
|
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
|
|
how is NAD used in glycolysis?
|
it is a carrier molecule and carries the H to the electron transport system
|
|
fermentation process and equation
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No oxygen=fermentation/NADH reduced pyruvic acid to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol/ 2 pyruvic acid+2NADH-->2 lactic acid + 2 NAD
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compare the amount of energy found in glucose with the energy found in ethyl alcohol
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ethyl alcohol retains the energy contained from the beginning glucose cell.
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|
specific example of fermentation
|
ethyl alcohol fermentation in yeast cells, saccaromyces ceravisae
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resparation
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using oxygen completely pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water with transfer of energy released from pyruvic acid to ADP
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|
Krebs cycle in respiration--it converts pyruvic acid into what?
|
series of reactions where pyruvic acid is completely oxidized and H is transferred to carriers molecules such as NAD. It converts pyruvic acid to citric acid.
|
|
will fermentation alone meet the energy demands for human cells?
|
no because cells need more energy than that created by fermentation
|
|
where does glycosis take place in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells?
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the cytoplasm
|
|
where does the krebs cycle take place in bacteria?
|
plasma membrane
|
|
where does the krebs cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
|
inside the mitochondria
|
|
where are the enzymes found which catalyze the electron transport system in bacteria?
|
inner membrane of plasma membrane
|
|
where are the enzymes found which catalyze the electron transport system in eukaryotic cells
|
inner membrane of mitochondria
|
|
where are the various cytochromes which are involved in the electron transport system found in bacteria and eukaryotic cells?
|
Cytoplasmic membrane
|
|
How does the electron transport system play a role in the chemiosmotic theory of generation of ATP?
|
it uses cytochromes to carry electrons across the membrane
|
|
what is the role of oxygen in respiration
|
the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
|
|
how much ATP is produced from 1 molecule of glucose by a bacterial cell capable of undergoing respiration?
|
38
|
|
how much ATP is produced from 1 molecule of glucose by a eukarytic cell capable of undergoing respiration?
|
36
|
|
Metabolism
|
sum of all chemical reactions going on in a cell or microorganism
|
|
Catabolism
|
breakdown of food materials for the release of food
|
|
Anabolism
|
building of new cellular compounds
|
|
Autotrophic organisms
|
radiant energy from the sun to chemical energy
|
|
heterotrophic organisms
|
require organic matter as source of energy
|
|
photosynthesis
|
autotrophic/ sun energy to chemical energy
|
|
photosynthesis equation
|
sunlight + 6H2O + 6CO2--> 6O2 + C6H12O11
|
|
reduced state
|
added electrons
|
|
oxidized state
|
removed electrons
|
|
carbohydrate function
|
energy storage, transport molecule
|
|
carbohydrate made of…
|
simple sugars like starch
|
|
protein function
|
structural support, protection, catalysis, transport, defense, regulation, movement
|
|
Protein made of…
|
amino acids
|
|
Nucleic acid Function
|
encode hereditary informatin bound in nucleotides
|
|
Nucleic acid made of…
|
DNA RNA
|
|
Lipids function
|
energy storage, cell membranes, capture of light energy, hormones, and vitamins, thermal insulation, electrical insulation of nerves, water repellency
|
|
Lipids made of…
|
fatty acids and glycerol like fats, oils and waxes
|
|
Which animals can break down cellulose? What are they called?
|
Herbivorous animals/protozoa, bacteria and funti in the digestive tract break down polysacchurides to disaccharides and monosaccharides
|
|
ATP
|
adenosine triphosphate/high energy molecule that releases a phosphate and causes a high energy release
|
|
ADP
|
adenosine diphosphate/missing a phosphate.
|
|
Glycolysis
|
catabolism of glucose, resulting in the production of pyruvic acid…in 10 steps, 2 ATP and 2 pyruvic acids are created
|
|
how is glycolysis initated
|
by adding 2 ATP
|
|
phosphorylation
|
addition of phosphorous to a molecule/substrate phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
|
|
NAD
|
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
|
|
how is NAD used in glycolysis?
|
it is a carrier molecule and carries the H to the electron transport system
|
|
fermentation process and equation
|
No oxygen=fermentation/NADH reduced pyruvic acid to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol/ 2 pyruvic acid+2NADH-->2 lactic acid + 2 NAD
|
|
compare the amount of energy found in glucose with the energy found in ethyl alcohol
|
ethyl alcohol retains the energy contained from the beginning glucose cell.
|
|
specific example of fermentation
|
ethyl alcohol fermentation in yeast cells, saccaromyces ceravisae
|
|
resparation
|
using oxygen completely pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water with transfer of energy released from pyruvic acid to ADP
|
|
Krebs cycle in respiration--it converts pyruvic acid into what?
|
series of reactions where pyruvic acid is completely oxidized and H is transferred to carriers molecules such as NAD. It converts pyruvic acid to citric acid.
|
|
will fermentation alone meet the energy demands for human cells?
|
no because cells need more energy than that created by fermentation
|
|
where does glycosis take place in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells?
|
the cytoplasm
|
|
where does the krebs cycle take place in bacteria?
|
plasma membrane
|
|
where does the krebs cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
|
inside the mitochondria
|
|
where are the enzymes found which catalyze the electron transport system in bacteria?
|
inner membrane of plasma membrane
|
|
where are the enzymes found which catalyze the electron transport system in eukaryotic cells
|
inner membrane of mitochondria
|
|
where are the various cytochromes which are involved in the electron transport system found in bacteria and eukaryotic cells?
|
Cytoplasmic membrane
|
|
How does the electron transport system play a role in the chemiosmotic theory of generation of ATP?
|
it uses cytochromes to carry electrons across the membrane
|
|
what is the role of oxygen in respiration
|
the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
|
|
how much ATP is produced from 1 molecule of glucose by a bacterial cell capable of undergoing respiration?
|
38
|
|
how much ATP is produced from 1 molecule of glucose by a eukarytic cell capable of undergoing respiration?
|
36
|