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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Mycoplasma?
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Pleomorphically shaped organisms having a cholesterol bilaminar cell membrane and no peptidoglycan cell wall.
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What are four mycoplasma species?
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M. pneumoniae
Ureaplasma urealyticum M. hominis M. incognitus |
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What is unique about Mycoplasma?
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Only bacteria to contain cholesterol in its cell membrane.
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Does Mycoplasma have cell walls?
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NO
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What do some Mycoplasma colonies look like?
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They have a "fried egg" appearance.
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What disease does M. pneumoniae cause in humans?
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Atypical pneumonia
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What is another name for Atypical pneumonia?
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Walking pneumonia
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What medium is used to culture M. pneumoniae?
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Eaton agar
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How many serotypes of M. pneumoniae exist?
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1
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How is Mycoplasma transferred between humans?
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By respiratory aerosols
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Which age group is commonly affected by M. pneumoniae?
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Young adults living in close quarters.
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How does an atypical pneumonia present clinically?
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Gradual onset of headache
Malaise Nonproductive cough |
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How does the presentation differ between M. pneumoniae and Pneumococcal pneumoniae?
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Patients with atypical pneumonia do not usually have severe symptoms, unlike the abrupt onset of pneumonococcal pneumonia.
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What are five causes of atypical pneumonias?
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1) M. pneumoniae
2) Legionella 3) Chlamydia 4) Viral pneumonias 5) Q fever |
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What unique antibodies are associated with M. pneumoniae infection?
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Cold agglutinins
These are produced in approximately 60% of infected patients. Immunoglobulin (IgM class antibodies directed against red blood cell antigens) |
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What is the effect of temperature with these antibodies?
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No physiologic effect, but agglutination with RBCs at 0C to 4C but not at 37C
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What is the diagnostic value of these antibodies?
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Minimal because their presence is nonsensitive and nonspecific.
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How is M. pneumoniae infection diagnosed?
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Serology
Detection of specific antibodies to m. pneumoniae is diagnostic |
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What is the treatment for M. pneumoniae?
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Erythromycin or tetracycline:
However the disease will resolve spontaneously in most individuals with supportive treatment. |
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Why are penicillins and cephalosporins ineffective against M. pneumoniae?
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Penicillins and cephalosporins destroy the integrity of cell walls, which is ineffective against Mycoplasma because they lack cell walls.
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Which is worse, the patient's clinical presentation or the appearance of the chest X-ray?
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The chest x-ray looks worse.
The degree of pulmonary infiltrates is striking compared to the relatively mild clinical symptoms and x-ray findings usually remain several weeks after symptom resolution. |
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Is reinfection possible?
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Yes, and it is common.
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What is the severity of symptoms of M. pneumoniae in reinfection?
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Reinfection results in worse symptoms than those seen on the first exposure.
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Besides M. pneumoniae, what two Mycoplasma species infect humans?
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U. urealyticum
M. hominis |
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Where do U. urealyticum and M. hominis bacteria reside?
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The human genitourinary tract.
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What disease does U. urealyticum cause?
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Nongonococcal urethritis
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What does U. urealyticum secrete?
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Urease
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What organism, implicated with ulcers, also secretes this?
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Helicobacter pylori
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What disease does M. hominis cause?
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Postpartum fever
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