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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phsychrophiles are organisms capable of growth at what temperature? Found Where?
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0* Celcius, optimum temp. 15* Celcius/ Found in Arctic Environments
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What are psychotrophs? What is their optimum growth temp?
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Sometimes calles moderate phsychrophiles/ facultative phsychrophiles, grow best at refrigerator temps. 20-30*C
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What are the most common microbes? What are their optimum temp?
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Mesophiles/ opt temp of 25-40*C
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A _______ is added to media to neutralize acids.
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BUFFER
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What is required by microbes to synthesize proteins and produce ATP?
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NITROGEN AND SULFUR
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What do aerobic organisms usually produce to break down Hydrogen Peroxide?
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CATALASE H202---> H2O 02
*ANAEROBES LACK CATALASE |
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WHAT ARE AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES?
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CANNOT USE OXYGEN FOR GROWTH BUT TOLERATE IT FAIRLY WELL
E.G. BACTERIA THAT FERMENT CARBS TO LACTIC ACID |
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SINGLET OXYGEN?
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NORMAL MOLECULAR OXYGEN (02) BOOSTED TO A HIGHER ENERGY STATE- EXTREMELY REACTIVE
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SUPEROXIDE FREE RADICALS?
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(O2-) FORMED IN SM.AMNTS. BY AEROBIC ORGANISMS. NEUTRALIZED BY SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE.
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WHAT IS PEROXIDASE?
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LIKE CATALASE, PEROXIDASE BREAKS DOWN TOXIC HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BUT WITHOUT PRODUCING OXYGEN.
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WHAT IS THE HYDROXYL RADICAL?
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(OH*) FORMED IN CYTOPLASM BY IONIZING RADIATION-BYPRODUCT OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION *MOST REACTIVE FORM*
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WHAT ARE ORGANIC GROWTH FACTORS?
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ORG. COMPOUNDS- VITAMINS, AMINO ACIDS, PYRIMIDINES- NEEDED FOR LIFE, GIVEN ORGANISM CANNOT SYNTHESIZE
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CULTURE MEDIUM
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ANY NUTRIENT MATERIAL PREPARED FOR GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN A LABORATORY
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INOCULUM
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MICROBES ADDED TO INITIATE GROWTH
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WHAT IS AGAR'S MELTING POINT/SOLIDIFYING POINT?
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MELTS-BOILING TEMP. WATER
REMAINS LIQUID UNTIL TEMP. DROPS TO 40*C |
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WHAT IS A COMPLEX MEDIA AND WHAT REQUIRES SUCH A MEDIA?
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COMPLEX MEDIA- EXACT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION VARIES FROM BATCH TO BATCH.
HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA & FUNGI |
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WHAT MAKES UP A COMPLEX MEDIA?
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YEAST, BEEF, PLANT, EXTRACTS
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PEPTONES?
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PARTIALLY DIGESTED PROTEIN PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN COMPLEX MEDIA
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SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND MINERALS MAKE UP WHAT KIND OF MEDIUM? WHEN AGAR IS ADDED?
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NUTRIENT BROTH/NUTRIENT AGAR
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WHAT IS A REDUCING MEDIA/ WHAT REQUIRES THIS TYPE OF MEDIA?
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THIS MEDIA CONTAINS INGREDIENTS (EG SODIUM THIOGLYCOLATE) THAT DEPLETE OXYGEN CONTENT-OBLG ANAEROBES
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OXYRASE?
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AN ENZYME ADDED TO GROWTH MEDIUM OF A PETRI PLATE AND TRANSFORMS IT INTO A SELF-CONTAINED ANAEROBIC CHAMBER
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PURE CULTURES?
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CULTURES THAT CONTAIN ONLY ONE KIND OF ORGANISM
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WHAT BACTERIAL PRESERVATION METHOD INVOLVES PLACING CULTURE IN SUSPENDED LIQUID AT -50 TO -95*C?
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DEEP-FREEZING
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WHAT BACTERIAL PRESERVATION METHOD INVOLVES SUSPENDING CULTURE IN RAPIDLY FREEZING TEMPS AND A VACCUUM?
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FREEZE-DRYING
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GENERATION TIME?
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TIME REQUIRED BY A CELL TO DIVIDE/ POPULATION TO DOUBLE
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HOW ARE BACTERIAL POPULATIONS USUALLY GRAPHED?
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LOGARITHMICALLY
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LAG PHASE
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PHASE OF DIVISION IN WHICH NO GROWTH IS APPARENT BUT METABOLIC ACTIVITY IS INTENSE
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LOG PHASE
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CELLS ARE REPRODUCING MOST ACTIVELY; REPRODUCTION TIME REACHES MINIMUM, BECOMES CONSTANT
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STATIONARY PHASE
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MICROBIAL DEATHS BALANCE NUMBER OF NEW CELLS
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DEATH PHASE/ LOGARITHMIC DECLINE
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NUMBER OF DEATHS EXCEEDS NUMBER OF NEW CELLS FORMED
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SERIAL DILUTION METHOD?
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DILUTIONS OF BACTERIAL SUSPENSION DISTRIBUTED INTO SUITABLE SOLID MEDIUM-COLONIES APPEARED COUNTED
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MOST PROBABLE NUMBER METHOD?
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MPN-SAMPLE DILUTED OUT IN SERIES OF TUBES OF LIQUID MEDIUM-THE GREATER THE BACTERIA, THE MORE DILUTIONS
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DIRECT MICROSCOPIC COUNT
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MEASURED VOL. BACTERIAL SUSPENSION PLACED IN DEFINED AREA- USES DESIGNS
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TURBIDITY
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ABSORBANCE/OPTICAL DENSITY
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METABOLIC ACTIVITY
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MICROBIAL NUMBERS THAT ARE ESTIMATED BY TIME REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ACID/OTHER PRODUCTS
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DRY WEIGHT
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MEASURING WEIGHT- FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS (ACTINOMYCETE BACTERIA/FUNGI)
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