Microbiology Random Facts 1St Test

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UV light & Amicrine dye

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cause bacteria to lose their plasmids

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BCYE (buffered charcoal yeast extract) agar

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used for isolation of legionella pneumophila (cause of Legionnaire's disease)

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Protective antigen of B. anthracis encoded by

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plasmid

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Organisms w/ plasmid mediated pathogenicity determinants

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Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
E. coli
Shigella
Yersinia
B. Anthracis
Clostridium tetani
Staphylococcus aureus

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Heat Labile enterotoxin action

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activate adenylate cyclase in small bowel epithelial cells leadin to diarrhea

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Heat Stabile enterotoxin action

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activate guanyl cyclase in small bowel epithelial cells leading to diarrhea

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Site specific recombination

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Transposons

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Restriction endonucleases

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are palindromes, that is, they read the same in both directions

role is to protect the microorganism in which they are found from any invadin DNA from another species

DNA from the host is prtected b/c it has been modified by a specific methylase

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BamH1

EcoR1

PvuII

Sau3A

Alu 1

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restriction endonucleases

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Fat loving yeast

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Malassezia (Pityrosporon) furfur- cause of liver spots

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Contagious fungi

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dermatophytes

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green fluorescence under Woods lamp

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Microsporum

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Saubouraud's medium

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used to isolate fungi

microsporum: thick walled macroconidia

Trichophyton: macroconidia

Epidermophyton floccosum: thin walled macroconidia produced in banana bunches on agar

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Cauliflower lesion

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Chromoblastomycosis

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Glucose peptone agar (w/ chloromycetin)

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used to isolate causative agents of chromoblatomycosis:

Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Fonsecaea compacta
Cladosporium carrionii
Phialophora verrucosa

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Madura foot

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an early synonym for mycetoma

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Grains

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variously shaped bodies whicha are found embedded in the pathological tissue or in the discharge of a mycetoma (tumor caused by fungi or actinomycetes)

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Skin w/ crackling consistency

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called crepitus

occurs in gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens

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Infant Botulism vs. Adult Botulism

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Infant Botulism: contracted by ingesting spores of C. botulinum

Adult Botulism: contracted by ingesting preformed neurotoxin of C. botulinum

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Bacteriocin

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kill bacteria of the same species that do not contain the plasmid coding for the bacteriocin

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Toxins w/ ADP ribosylating activity

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Cholera toxin
E. coli heat labile toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Pertussis toxin

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Unpasteurized apple cider ingestion causes?

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infection by campylobacter jejuni

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Toxoids

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exotoxins can be made into toxoids, but endotoxins can not

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Diphtheria toxin

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blocks protein synthesis by inactivating elongation factor(EF2), which is involved in translation of eukaryotic mRNA into proteins

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Types of protein secretion

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Type I: export small molecules

Type II: general secretory pathway

Type III: important in the delivery of toxins to eukaryotic cells

Type IV: allow for secretion of self-assembling cellular structures (e.g. pilin), DNA, toxins

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Onychomycosis

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infection of the toenails

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Mulberry colonies

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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P1 Protein

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protein adhesin that binds Mycoplasm pneumoniae to sialic acid receptor on host cell

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Bacteria w/ sterol in cell membrane

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Mycoplasmas

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Primary Atypical, walking, or Eaton Agent Pneumonia (PAP)

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Cold hemagglutinin

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used in diagnosis of Primary Atypical Pneumonia

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"Fried egg" type colonies

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formed by Mycoplasmas and L-form Wall Defective Microbial Forms

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Tetrahydrofolate(TFA)

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One carbon transfers using Tetrahydrofolate are essential to the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and methionine-containing proteins

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Lancet shaped cocci

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Streptococci pneumoniae

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Optochin disc susceptibility

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Streptococci pneumoniae

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Ornithosis

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caused by Chlamydia psittaci

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Neutropenia

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puts one at risk for Aspergillosis

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Fungi that invade blood vessels

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Aspergillus

Zygomycetes

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Most endogenously acquired polymicrobic infections

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Bacteroides fragilis

Fusobacterium

Peptostreptococcus

Eubacterium

Prevotella

Porphyromonas

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Floppy Baby

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Infant Botulism

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"Molar tooth" shaped whitish colonies

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Actinomycetes

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) resistance is mediated by

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the appearance on the chromosome of a new gene, mecA, for a penicillin-binding protein

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Acid fast bacteria

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae

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Petichiae

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hallmark of Neisseria meningiditis

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Rec A

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homologous recombination

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double zone of B-hemolysis

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Clostridium perfringens

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rho(p) protein

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associated w/ termination transcription