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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is palivizumab?
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Antibodies against F protein (in paramyxoviruses; mediates fusion of respiratory epithelial cells)
- Used to treat RSV |
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What viruses are (+) ssRNA?
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"Positively Retro Hippies in Calico Togas Pick Flavored Coronas"
= Retro, hepe, calici, toga, picorna, flavi, corona |
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What hepatitis virus is associated with a high mortality rate in pregnant women?
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HEV (RNA hepevirus)
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At what CD4 counts do you see PCP in AIDS pts?
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<200
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At what CD4 counts do you see toxoplasmosis in AIDS pts?
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<100
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At what CD4 counts do you see CMV retinitis in AIDS pts?
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<50
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At what CD4 counts do you see cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS pts?
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<50
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What diarrheal infection can mimic appendicitis?
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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What bacteria have urease?
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Particular Kinds Have Urease:
Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella H. pylori Ureaplasma |
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In a pt with UTI, what does a positive leukocyte esterase test signify? And a positive nitrite test?
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Positive leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI
Positive nitrite test = gram-negative bacterial UTI |
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Metallic sheen on EMB agar... what is it?
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E. coli
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Colonies turn pink on MacConkey's agar... what is it?
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Bacteria that ferment lactose (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia)
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What bacteria is associated with struvite kidney stones?
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Proteus mirabilis (shows "swarming" motility on agar)
- Will see alkaline urine due to NH3 production via urease - Struvite = ammonium magnesium phosphate |
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Neonate with chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications... what is it?
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Congenital toxoplasmosis
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Child with notched teeth, saddle nose, and saber shins... what is it?
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Congenital syphilis
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Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy... what is it?
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Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
- DuCREYi makes you CRY (painful) |
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"Fishy" smelling vaginal discharge, clue cells... what is it?
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Gardnerella vaginalis (Gm- bacteria)
- Treat with metronidazole |
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Foul-smelling vaginal discharge, itching and burning, strawberry-colored mucosa... what is it?
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Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)
- Treat with metronidazole |
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What HPV serotypes cause condylomata acuminata?
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HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma = warts)
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In what weeks is the embryo most susceptible to teratogens?
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Weeks 3-8 (embryonic period-organogenesis)
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What are the major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis?
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- Pertussis toxin
- Extra-cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase (weakens host's defensive cells) - Filamentous hemagglutinin (pili rod on surface; protective Ab form against this and can prevent binding and disease) - Tracheal cytotoxin |
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How does the pertussis toxin work?
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Increases cAMP
- Causes histamine sensitization - Increases insulin synthesis - Promotes lymphocyte production (lymphocytosis) and inhibits phagocytosis |
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What is edema factor?
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An adenylate cyclase (increases cAMP levels)
- Part of the bacillus anthracis toxin |
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What stain would you use to identify Legionella, and what kind of culture would you grow it on?
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Stain: silver stain
Culture: chorcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine - Think of the French legionnaire with his silver helmet, sitting around a (charcoal) campfire with his iron dagger--he is no sissy (cysteine) |
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What kind of culture does H. influenzae require?
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Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
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Pt from tropics with positive VDRL and deforming keloids on face and limbs... what is it?
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Treponema pertenue infection (yaws)
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What kind of culture is required for Mycoplasma pneumoniae to grow?
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Eaton's agar
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What bacteria has cholesterol in its membrane?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, macrophages containing amastigotes... what is it, how is it transmitted, and how would you treat it?
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Visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani)
- Transmitted via sandfly bite - Tx: sodium stibogluconate |
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Pt from Africa with lymphadenopathy, recurring fever, somnolence, coma... what is it, how is it transmitted, and how would you treat it?
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Sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma gambiense, T. rhodesiense)
- Transmitted via tsetse fly bite (painful) - Tx: suramin for blood-borne disease, melarsoprol for CNS penetration ("it SURe is nice to go to sleep; MELAtonin helps with sleep") |
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How do you treat Trypanosoma cruzi infections?
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Nifurtimox (only works in acute phase; not tx for chronic phase)
- Think "CRUZing with a furtive ox" |
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Pt with hemoptysis who eats lots of crab meat... what is it?
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Paragonimus westermani (trematode)
- Adults live as pairs in a lung cyst --> secondary bacterial infection --> hemoptysis |
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What organism is associated with cholangiocarcinoma?
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Clonorchis sinensis ("liver fluke")
- Adult lives in the bile duct --> inflammation of biliary tract --> pigmented gallstones - Acquired by eating undercooked fish |
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What causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?
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Reactivation of latent JC virus infection in setting of immunosuppression
- JC virus is a DNA virus in the polyomavirus family--think "Polly at J.C. Penney" |
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What causes molluscum contagiosum?
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Poxvirus (largest DNA virus)
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High fever, black vomit, jaundice, Councilman bodies in liver... what is it and how is it transmitted?
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Yellow fever
- Caused by yellow fever flavivirus - Transmitted via Aedes mosquitoes; reservoir in humans and monkeys |
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Patient who swam in a freshwater lake and then acquired a rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis... what is it?
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Naegleria fowleri (think "fowl play")
- See amoebas in spinal fluid; CSF findings same as for bacterial meningitis |
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What organisms are catalase positive?
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S. aureus, Aspergillus, Nocardia, Salmonella, Candida
- See recurrent infx in pts w/ chronic granulomatous disease |
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What is Weil's disease, what causes it, how is it transmitted, and how would you treat it?
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Weil's disease = icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis (jaundice, azotemia, fever, hemorrhage, anemia)
- Caused by leptospira interrogans - Transmitted by contact with contaminated water (from animal urine)--spirochetes enter mucosal abrasions - Treat w/ penicillin G |
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Flu-like symptoms, abdominal pain, fever, headache, jaundice, photophobia with conjunctivitis, due to infection with a spirochete acquired in the tropics... what is it?
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Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans)
- Transmitted by contact with water contaminated by animal urine (orgs enter mucosal abrasions) |
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KOH prep of skin lesions showing "spaghetti and meatball" appearance... what is it?
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Malassezia furfur
- Skin lesions = tinea versicolor (hypopigmented patches due to damage to melanocytes) |
