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41 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling fatty diarrhea - seen in campers and hikers
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Giardia lamblia
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How is Giardia transmitted?
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Cysts in water
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How do you diagnose Giardia?
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trophozoites or cysts in stool
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What do you use to treat Giardia?
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Metronidazole
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bloody diarrhea (dysentery) and liver abscesses (reddish brown), RUQ pain
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Histology shows flask shaped ulcer if submucosal abscess of colon ruptures
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Transmission
Diagnosis and Treatment of Entamoeba histolytica |
Transmission: cysts in water
Diagnosis: serology and/or trophozoites or cysts in stool; RBCs in cytoplasm of entamoeba Treatment: Metroidazole and iodoquinol |
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Cysts with 4 nuclei is seen in what?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease (watery diarreha) in ICH
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Cryptosporidium
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Acid fast cysts is seen in what to diagnose it?
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Cryptosporidium
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How is cryptosporidium transmitted?
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Cysts in water
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How do you prevent Cryptosporidium?
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Prevention (by filtering city water supplies)
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What are 3 CNS protozoa infections?
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Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri Trypanosoma (T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense) |
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Brain abscess in HIV patient (ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI)
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Toxoplasmosis
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Chorioretinitis, hydocephalus, intracranial calcifications
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Triad of Congential toxoplasmosis
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How is toxoplasmosis transmitted?
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Cysts in meat or cat feces crosses placenta (pregnant women should avoid cats)
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How do you diagnose and treat Toxoplasmosis?
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Serology, and biopsy to diagnose
Sulfadizine and pyrimethamine to treat |
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rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis how do you get it?
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Naegleria fowleri
get it by swimming in freshwater lakes - enter via cribiform plate |
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How do you diagnose and treat Naegleri fowleri?
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Diagnose: amoebas in spinal fluid
Treatment: Nothing! |
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African sleeping sickness what causes it and what do you see?
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Trypanosoma (T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense)
See enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (b/c of antigenic variation), somnolence, coma |
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A painful bite from the tsetse fly transmits what?
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African sleeping sickness; Trypanosoma
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How do you diagnose and treat trypanosoma
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African sleeping sickness
diagnosis: blood smear treatment: Suramin for blood borne disease, Melarsoprol for CNS penetration |
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What are the 2 visceral protozan infections?
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1. Trypanosoma cruzi
2. Leishmania donovani |
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Chaga's disease is caused by what and what symptoms?
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Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi - see dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus - mostly in south america
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Reduviid bug transimits this disease, how do you treat it? and how is it diagnosed?
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Diagnosis: blood smear
Treatment: Nifurtimox It is Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas disease |
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spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegley, pancytopenia
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Leshmania donovani (visceral leshmaniasis)
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Transmission by sandfly how do you diagnose and what is the treatment?
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Disease Leshmaniasis (from leishmania donovani)
Diagnose: macrophages containing "amastigotes" (form that lacks flagella) Treatment Sodium stibogluconate |
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Protozoa that cause hematologic infections
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1. Plasmodium
2. Babesia 3. Trichomonas vaginalis |
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3 types of Plasmodium
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P. vivax/ovale
P. falciparum P. malariae |
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Trophozoite ring form in RBC and RBC schizont with merozoites
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Plasmodium - common in African and Latin America
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cyclic fevers, headache, anemia, splenomelgy
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Malaria from mosquitos (anopheles)
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Malaria that cycles occur every other day where is the dormant form and what is it treated with?
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P.vivax/ovale
dormant form in liver is treated with primaquine |
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Malaria that cycles every day; what do parasitized RBC's occlude?
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P.falciparum - parasitized RBC's occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys and lungs
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How do you diagnose and treat malaria?
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Diagnose: blood smear
Treatment: chloroquine (start with), use mefloquine (if resistant to cholorquine) For vivax/ovale - add primaquine for dormant forms in liver! |
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maltese cross and ring forms
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Babesia
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fever, hemolytic anemia predominantly in northeastern US
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Babeiosis
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Trasmitted by Ixodes tick
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Babesia and Borrelia burgodrferi
causes babeiosis and lymes disease *can coinfect humans |
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how do you diagnose and treat babesia?
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blood smear - see maltese cross, and no RBC pigment
Treatment: quinine, clindamycin |
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Vaginitis, foul-smelling greenish discharge; burning and itching
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Trichomonas vaginals (don't confuse with Gardnerella vaginalis)
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How is Trichomonas transmitted?
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Sexually (it cannot exist outside human because it cannot form cysts
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How do you diagnose Trichamonas and what is the treatment?
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Diagnosis: Trophozites (motile) on wet mount
Treatment: metronidazole |
