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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name some common disease manifestations of paramyxoviridae
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measles
mumps |
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how do paramyxoviridae and orthomyxoviruses differ
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nature of their genome
stratgey of replication |
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what do paramyxoviruses resemble
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rhabdoviridae
filoviridae |
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paramyxoviridae is encased by a fragile -- ----
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lipid envelope
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paramyxoviridae is segmented/nonsegmented w/ ss/ds RNA genome
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nonsegmented
ss |
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what's para genome separated by
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noncoding termination
polyadenylation initiation signals |
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where does viral replication occur in para
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cytoplasm
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para virus attaches to sialoglycoprotein or glycolipid receptor by the ---- ---
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envelope glycoprotein
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key to pathogenicity to para
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two membrance glycoproteins
1. H, HN or G 2. F (fusion protein) |
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what allow virus to fuse cells to form the characteristic synctia
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F protein
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what enables viral penetration by fusion fo viral envelope w/ plasm membrane
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F protein
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what allows intracellular spread by cell-to-cell fusion
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F protein
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the f protein allsw transfer of infectious ------ to adjacent cells while evading the body's circulating antibodies
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nucleocapsids
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what inhibits the para infection
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neutralizing antibody that inhibits adsorption of virus to cell receptors
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how do F proteins become biologically active
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by cleavage
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what immunity does the body have against para virus
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neutralizing antibodies
nonperssive cells to prevent cleavage |
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what always results in clincal manifestations
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measles
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measles infection occur via the ---- system to local lymph nodes adn other lymph nodes and ----
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resp
spleen |
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after 6 days what occurs in measles
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viremia
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after viremia occurs in measles what occurs
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spread to epithelial surfaces from local blood vessels
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what contributes to resp damage, fever, and early symptoms in measles
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the immune systems
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s/s of measles
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cough
runny nose inflammed conjunctiva koplik's spots |
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measles infection decreases resistance fo resp epithelium to ---- ------ infections
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secondary bacterial
ex: pneumonia and otitis media |
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types of immunity in measles
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natural
passive live vaccines |
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what's necessary for young adults after receiving the measles during childhood
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booster shot
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severity of measles influenced by
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young age
low socioeconomical status malnutrition |
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what should be given w/ the measles vaccine
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vit A
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cna diseases in measles
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subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
subacute measles encephalitis acute postinfectious measles encephalitis |
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what occurs years after the disease and is fatal
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subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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what cns occurs in immunocompromised kids
this occurs cuz the body fails to eliminate the virus infected cells cuz lack of cytotoxic T cells |
subacute measles encephalitis
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most dangerous cns disease of measles; 15% case fatality
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acute postinfectious measles encephalitis
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how is mumps transmitted
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saliva
other resp fluids |
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clincal features of mumps
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distorted face
enlargement of salivary glands |
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how is mumps presented in kids
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asymptomatic
resp infection |
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mumps encephalitis may result in unilateral ----
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deafness
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----- provides protective levels of antibody by a single injection for at least 90% injected over a --- year period
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MMR
20 |
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due to vaccine the incidence of mumps has dropped ---%
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98
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genus of rhabdoviridae
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lyssavirus rabies
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vesiculovirus complication
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vesicular stomatitis indiana virus
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what's transmissible to humans from vesicular fluids and tissue of infected animals
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vesicular stomatits indiana virus
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how long does it take to resolve the vesicular stomatitis indiana virus
what type of complications? |
7-10 days
no complications; resembles flu |
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mononegavirales
nonsegmented/segmented negative/positive sense single/double stranded infectious/noninfectious rna genomne |
non-segmented
negative sense single stranded noninfectious rna genome |
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what type of nuclecapsid does the mononegavirales have
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helical
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significance of having negative sense
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can't go inside cells and act directly as mRNA
it need to make it's own machinery |
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monomegavirales has what type of polymerase
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virion-associated rna-dependent rna
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what type of promoter does monomegavirales have
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single 3' promoter
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what order is rabies, measles, mumps
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monomegavirales
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what typeof lipids do mononegavirues have
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glycoprotein G
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t/f
rabies can infect all animals |
f
all warm blooded animals |
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rabies causes ----, contagious infection of the ----- system
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acute
nervous |
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how fatal is rabies
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100% once commence
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where doesn't rabies occur
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hawaii
japan great britain smaller islands |
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principles rabies host are
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wild carnivores
bats |
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transmission from animals occurs how
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bite or scratch
thru skin or mucous membranes |
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------ transmission a bat
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aerosol
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rare way to transmit rabies
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tissue transplant
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when the rabies virus enters the body it travels w/in the ----
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neurons to the CNS
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what can be causes inside the brain due to rabies
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encephalitis
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once the virus is in the brain what occurs
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it travels to multiple organs
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what glands are the most importaant in the spread of rabies from animal to human
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salivary glands
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what's the incubation period once infected
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14-90 days
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early symptoms are
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nonspecific
fever HaA general malaise |
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as rabies disease progresses s/s include
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insomnia
anxiety confusion paralysis hallucinations hypersalivation difficulty swallowing hydrophobia |
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what come last in rabies
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delirium
coma death |
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dx of rabies
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direct flurorescent antibody test using brain tissue
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rabies test for humans
where do you test |
RT-PCR immunofluorescence assays
serum skin biopsy spinal fluid saliva |
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what does the PT-PCR detect
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rabies antigen
antibody |
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most definative means of dx of rabies
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virus cultivation
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once innoculation of saliva, ---- gland, and ---- tissue death is w/in --- days.
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salivary
brain |
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the only disease that can be prevented by postexposure vaccination
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rabies
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the incubation period of rabies is long and the incubation period for rabies is accessible to -----
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antibody
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what should be done after bitten
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cleansing of wound
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how many doses of HDCV is given
on which days |
5 doses
0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days |
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tx for rabies should be before ------- to reduce mortalitiy to 100% to 0
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onset of symptoms
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shape of rotavirus
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wheel shaped
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what type of capsids surround the inner core of the rotavirus
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concentric icosahedral
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rotavirus is double/single stranded RNA
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double
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how many segments in the RNA
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11
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does the rotavirus have an envelope
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no
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what serotype of rotavirus most common
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Group A
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where does the rotavirus replicate
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cytoplasm
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where receptors does the rotavirus bind to
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sialic acid recpetors on cell via VP4
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after rotavirus enters the cells what occurs
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cell lysis
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what occurs w/ the rotavirus between species w/ each genus
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gene reassortment
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what cells do rotavirus infect and what does it do to them
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intestinal cells
kills them |
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which is mose severe initial infection or subsequent
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1st
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what causes diarrhea in rota
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absorptive surface of intestine reduced
fluid accumulation in the lumen |
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is the disease self limiting
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yes
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what type of probs occur due to rota
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dehydration
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t/f
maternal protection of rotavirus possible |
f
no protection w/ maternal IgG |
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what from the mom is protective
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IgA in colostrum
so breastfeed! |
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what Ig's does rota stimulate
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IgA
neutralizing IgG |
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is there significant immunity againt reinfection
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no
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what route is rota transmitted
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fecal-oral route
daycare! |
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rota can survive for ---- to --- on toys, countertops
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hours
days |
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what from the mom is protective
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IgA in colostrum
so breastfeed! |
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what Ig's does rota stimulate
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IgA
neutralizing IgG |
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is there significant immunity againt reinfection
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no
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what route is rota transmitted
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fecal-oral route
daycare! |
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rota can survive for ---- to --- on toys, countertops
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hours
days |
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other areas of outbreaks of rota
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nosocomial
hospitals nurseries |
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incubation period of rota
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1-3 days
it's very fast |
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s/s of rota
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may be asymptomatic
fever vomiting non-bloody watery diarrhea |
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fatalites of rota due to
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dehydration
electrolyte imbalance |
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dx of rota
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immunolgoical assay
ELISA ELFA detect viral capsid protein |
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how do you see shape of rota
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microscopy
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tx of rota
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oral rehydration: glucose, water, electrolyes
IV replacement |
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most common cause of gastroenteritis in young kids
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group A rotavirus
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ages for rota
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6 months to 24 months
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where is rota a year round disease
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tropics
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in temperate countries when is the peak for rota
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winter
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t/f
almost all children infected w/ rota by the age of 4 |
t
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prevention of rota
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good hygene
chemical disinfectant: bleach breast feeding vaccination |
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t/f
alchol sanitizer should be used for rota |
f
doesn't work uses soap and water |
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vaccine for rota
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rotashield
give at 2, 4, 6 months in develping countries |
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new rota vaccine
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rota teq
different serotypes: g1. 2, 3, 4, P |
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problem of rotashiled
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blockage of intestine: intussusception
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3 syndromes of flu virus
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1. uncomplicated rhinotracheitis: URI
2. respiratory viral infection follwoed by bact pneumonia 3. viral pneumonia |
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t/f
more people die of flu than hiv in the us |
t
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w/ the flu the --- is damaged so mucous can't get out
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cilia
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what essential for prevention of URI
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secretory IgA
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what essential to prevent lung infection
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systemic antibody
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what's essential for recovery in the URI and Lung
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cell mediated immunity
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amantadine adn rimantadine are ----- channel blockers which inhibit replication of the flu virus by targeting -- protein which destablizes --
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ion
M2 HA |
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amantadine block the acidifiction of ---- whcih inhibits the fusion of HA w/ the endosome
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endosome
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w/ amantadiene and rimantadine -- is also blocked from proper conformational insertion in the cell membrane
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HA
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what activates the M2 channels
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low pH
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what allow the protein to change conformation
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acid
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tamiflu is a ----- inhibitor
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neuraminidase
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tamiflu is designed to attack to structure of the flu viruses -- and -- preventing spread of the virus w/in the body
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A
B |
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how does flu get out of the cell
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using neuramidase
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good way to prevent spread to virus from cell
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tamiflu
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antibody + virus =
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neutralization
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what type of icosahedral does picornaviruses have
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naked
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piconarviruses
single/double stranded what type of sense RNA? |
single
plus sense |
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where does teh piconavirus replicate
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cytoplasm
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how many capsid proteins does poliovirus have
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4:
VP1: pentamers VP2 and 3: hexamer VP4: maturation protein associated w/ attachment |
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which polio capsid protein has a maturation protein associated w/ attachment
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VP4
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which polio capsid has hexamer
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VP2
VP 3 |
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name some picornaviruses
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enteroviruses: polio
rhinoviruses |
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polio is internalized in certain ----
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vesicles
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polio is adsorbed to specific/nonspecific receptors
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specific
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how are the hydrophobic groups on the polio virus exposed
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by lowering the pH
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comlications of polio
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meningitis
encephalitis myocarditis |
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what type of polio vaccine should be given
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inactivated
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problems w/ polio vaccines
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reversion of serotype 3 to virulence
virus not killed |
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three serotypes of polio vaccine
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P1
P2 P3 |
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how many polio vaccines recommened
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3 immunizations
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s/s of people who survived polio
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muslce weakness
paralysis fatigue |
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what occured due to polio
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degeneration of nerves
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t/f
no virus has been isolated in post polio |
t
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condition that can strike polio survivors 10-40 yrs after their recovery.
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post polio syndrome (pps)
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s/s of PPS
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muscle weakness
muscle and joint pain muscular atrophy |
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cause of pps
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death of individual nerve terminals in the motor units that remain after the initial polio attack
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what's the cure for pps
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no cure
symptoms tx |
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pps occurs cuz denegeneration of nerves as you ---
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age
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why is zinc beneficial agaist viruses
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blocks pore so they can't get in
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more common viral or bacterial meningitis
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viral
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t/f
aseptic meningitis is bacterial |
F
it's viral |
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t/f
clear CSF is bacterial meningitis |
f
viral |
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some causes of viral meningitis
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mumps
measles enteroviruses: coxsackie B, coxsackie A7 and A9, poliovirus herpes simplex virus |
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how is viral meningitis spread
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coughing
sneezing poor hygiene |
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viral menin can be found in ---- polluted water
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sewage
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incubation of viral menin
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up to 3 weeks
|
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t/f
viral menin needs an md |
no, not in all cases
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t/f
antibiotics are best tx for viral menin |
f
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severe cases can cause permanent neuro defects such as
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seizures
motor abnormalities mental retardation |
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name some enteroviruses
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poliovirus
coxsackie A coxsackie B ECHO enterovirus |
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which replicates in the heart
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coxsackie B
adenovirus |
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pH in which enteroviruses are stable
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pH 3
so can survive passage thru the stomach, spread thru fecal oral route (bad hygiene!) |
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where do enteroviruses multiply
|
cytoplasm
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enteroviruses produce a large precursor protein that undergoes ---- ---- cleavage
|
post translational
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drugs that may be beneficial against viruses
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amantidine
rimantadine relenza GS 4104 |
