Microbiology Module 5: Chapter 25

Front 1

What is the difference between an infection and an intoxication?

Back 1

An infection occurs as a result of a pathogenic organism present in the consumed food; An intoxication occurs as a result of a chemical or a toxin in the consumed food

Front 2

Name to species of microorganisms that can cause intoxication.

Back 2

S. aureus - enterotoxin
C. botulinum - neurotoxin (Botulism)

Front 3

Name four infections caused by FBDs.

Back 3

1 Salmonellosis
2 C. perfringens Illness
3 B. cereus gastroenteritis
4 Enteropathogenic E. coli Inf.

Front 4

Intoxication or infection?
Yersiniosis

Back 4

Invasive infection (Yersinia enterocolitica

Front 5

Intoxication or infection?
Shigellosis

Back 5

Shiga Toxin: enterotoxic, neurotoxic and cytotoxic (Shigella dystenteriae - only 10 cells may cause illness)

Front 6

Intoxification or infection?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Illness

Back 6

Invasive infection

Front 7

Intoxification or infection?Listeriosis

Back 7

Invasive infection

Front 8

Are Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria more likely to be responsible for FBDs and why?

Back 8

Gram negative; The external LPS layer consists of an endotoxin (Lipid A) that can trigger fever and septic shock; LPS also protects cell from phagocytosis, penicillin, and the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme

Front 9

Which layer is thicker in a Gram positive bacteria and causes it to be more sensitive to the actions of lysozyme and penicillin

Back 9

Peptidoglycan

Front 10

What is the most prevalent cause of FBD per the powerpoint's data from the 1990s?

Back 10

Campylobacter

Front 11

Which organism can be responsible for the FBD symptoms of septicemia and still births?

Back 11

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 12

Which organism can be responsible for the FBD symptom of arthritis?

Back 12

Yersinia enterocolitica

Front 13

Which organism can be responsible for the FBD symptom of muscle pains?

Back 13

Trichina spiralis

Front 14

How are microbial diseases of the digestive system usually transmitted?

Back 14

Fecal-oral cycle

Front 15

Where are most normal microbiota found in the body?

Back 15

In the mouth and large intesting

Front 16

Why are there no (or hardly any) microbiota in the stomach and small intestine?

Back 16

Hydrochloric acid in the the stomach and the rapid movement of food through the small intestine

Front 17

Where are Paneth cells and what are two of their functions?

Back 17

They are found in the small intestine; they are capable of phagocytizing bacteria and produce antibacterial proteins called defensins

Front 18

What is the function of M cells?

Back 18

To translocate antigens and microorganisms to the other side of the epithelium where they can contact lymphoid tissues (Peyer's patches) to initiate and immune response

Front 19

What is dysentery?

Back 19

Severe diarrhea accompanied by blood or mucus

Front 20

What is gastroenteritis?

Back 20

A disease which causes inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa

Front 21

What is botulism?

Back 21

A special case of intoxication that affects the nervous system (rather than the GI tract)

Front 22

Gastroenteritis is most commonly caused by what organism?

Back 22

S. aureus (Staphylococcus areus)

Front 23

What are some examples of high risk foods for containing S. aureus?

Back 23

Custards, cream pies, and ham

Front 24

How is staphyloccocal food poisoning usually diagnosed?

Back 24

Based on the symptoms and especially short incubation time

Front 25

What is the best way to avoid staphylococcal food poisoning?

Back 25

Adequate refrigeration during storage periods; it is heat stable and will not be killed when reheating

Front 26

What are the signs and symptoms of Shigellosis (aka bacillary dysentery)?

Back 26

Longer incubation periods of 12 hours to two weeks; can cause as many as 20 bowel movements/day, abdominal cramps and fever; severity may vary depending on species (Gram -)

Front 27

How is Shigellosis spread?

Back 27

Not found in animals and spread only from person to person; often found in family, day-care, and similar settings

Front 28

What are the signs and symptoms of Salmonellosis (aka Salmonella gastroenteritis)?

Back 28

Incubation time of 12-36 hours; moderate fever, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps, and diarrhea (Gram -)

Front 29

What are the sources of Salmonellosis?

Back 29

Meat (found in the intestinal tracts of many animals), pet reptiles, chickens and their eggs; bacteria is killed with proper cooking but is sometimes left on cooking tools

Front 30

What causes typhoid fever?

Back 30

The most virulent serotype of Salmonella, S. typhi

Front 31

Where is S. typhi found and what are ways to eliminate it?

Back 31

Only in the feces of humans; Proper sewage disposal, water treatment, and food sanitation

Front 32

What is the incubation period of typhoid fever and where do S. typhi multiply?

Back 32

Incubation is 2-3 weeks; They multiply within phagocytic cells and are disseminated into multiple organs, especially the spleen and liver, it will eventually get into the blood stream

Front 33

What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?

Back 33

Severe fever and headache, diarrhea only during the 2nd or 3rd week at which time the fever will subside; in severe cases ulceration and perforation of the intestinal wall can occur

Front 34

What is cholera and what are its symptoms?

Back 34

It is one of the most serious gastrointestinal diseases (Vibrio cholerae); symptoms include "rice water stools" and violent vomiting, usually no fever

Front 35

What happens internally when v. cholera is present?

Back 35

They grow in the small intestine and produce a toxin that causes the host to secrete water and electrolytes, especially potassium, which results in watery stools containing masses of intestinal mucus and epithelial cells

Front 36

Where is v. cholera found?

Back 36

In salt water and sometimes fresh water; they form biofilms and colonize on tiny crustaceans, algae, aquatic plants, and plankton

Front 37

What is the most common cause of "traveler's diarrhea"?

Back 37

Pathogenic strains of E. coli; most common pathogenic strain is enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Front 38

Which bacteria are the leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S.?

Back 38

Campylobacter (most commonly C. jejuni)

Front 39

What is the primary source of Campylobacter?

Back 39

Almost all of retail chicken is contaminated

Front 40

Which microbe is responsible for peptic ulcer disease?

Back 40

Helicobacter pylori

Front 41

What is the most common cause of VIRAL gastroenteritis?

Back 41

Rotavirus

Front 42

Name the mycotoxin produced by the fungus A. flavus, a common mold, which known to contaminate peanuts along with other foods.

Back 42

Aflatoxin

Front 43

What is ergot poisoning (ergotism)?

Back 43

A mycotoxin produced by C. purpurea which results from the ingestion of rye or ther cereal grains contaminated with the fungus

Front 44

Name the prolonged diarrheal disease caused by a flagellated protozoan which attaches to the intestinal wall of humans.

Back 44

Giardiasis; Caused by Giardia lamblia