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46 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Tsetse fly
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Afican trypanosome (trypanosoma rhodesiense, trypanosoma gambiense)
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Non-intestinal flagellate protozoa
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Reduvid bug
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(Kissing bug), American typanosome (trypanosome cruzi)
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Non-intestinal flagellate protozoa
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What factor allows trypanosomiasis to change antigens on surface?
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VSG (variant/variable surface glycoprotein)
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Latin America; Chagas disease; reduviid (or kissing) bug transmitted; heart – cardiomyopathy, conduction defects; megaesophagus, megacolon
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Trypanosoma cruzi (American Trypanosome)
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Non-intestinal flagellate protozoa
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Africa - African sleeping sickness; tsetse fly transmitted; blood, etc.
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Trypanosoma brucei (African trypanosome)
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Non-intestinal flagellate protozoa
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Protozoan flagellate; sandfly; visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous; Latin America, Mediterranean, Asia; kala-azar – systemic illness, L. donovani – fever, pancytopenia, splenomegaly
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Leishmania species
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Non-intestinal flagellate protozoa
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Mosquito; dog heartworm; human dead end host; pulmonary nodule
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Dirofilaria immitis
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Nematode
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Black fly (Simulium damnosum); roundworm; subcutaneous nodules; microfilariae skin; african river blindness
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Onchocerca volvulus
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Nematode
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What is xenodiagnosis and what does it diagnose?
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Kissing bugs (reduviid bugs) allowed to feed on a patient, one month later bug intestinal contents are examined for trypanosome cruzi
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Oocysts in cat feces, bradyzoites in undercooked meat, transplacental, ICH acute infection
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Non-intestinal sporozoa
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Protozoa; cat feces, ingestion of undercooked meat, transplacental; mononucleosis; congenital; encephalitis (AIDS); serology, imaging, amastigotes (tissue)
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Non-intestinal sporozoa protozoa
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Free living amoeba – water-associated, primary amebic meningitis
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Naegleria fowleri
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Non-intestinal ameba protozoa
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Free living amoeba – water-associated, keratitis; granulomatous amebic encephalitis
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Acanthamoeba species
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Non-intestinal ameba protozoa
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Pubic louse
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Phthirus pubis
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Ectoparasite
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Body, head louse
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Pediculus humanis
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Ectoparasite
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Itchy, red papules and excoriations, scabies
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Sarcoptes scabiei
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Chrysops fly (Africa); roundworm; eye worm, Calabar swelling
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Loa loa
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Nematodes
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Tick; protozoan; fever, anemia, splenomegaly; diagnosis: blood smear
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Babesia microti
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Non-intestinal sporozoa protozoa
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Female Anopheles sp. (mosquito), protozoan, liver, red blood cells - cyclic fevers,
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Plasmodium species (Malaria)
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Non-intestinal sporozoa protozoa
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What are 2 PPMs against mosquitos that can be applied on the skin?
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DEET
Picaridin |
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What PPM against mosquito is used on clothing (not skin)?
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Permethrin
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T/F - There are anti-malarial drugs that act on sporozoites
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False
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What is a blood schizonticidal anti-malarial drug?
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Chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, doxycycline, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, malarone, artemisinin
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What anti-malarial drugs affect folic acid synthesis?
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Sulfonamides, sulfones
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What 2 drugs are active against P. vivax, ovale, malariae, and falciparum; concentrated in acidic food vacuoles interfering heme digestion by parasites, inhibits heme polymerase, heme is toxic to parasite, acts only on erythrocytic cycle, doesn't affect liver cycle
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Chloroquine, quinidine
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What 2 anti-malarial drugs have the toxicities of: tinnitus, blurring vision, retinopathy, arrhythmias, but is safe for pregnancy?
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Chloroquine, quinidine
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What antimalarial drug is the only IV antimalarial available in the US?
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Quinidine (isomer of quinine, in US quinine IV is not available)
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What antimalarial drug stimulates insulin release and causes hypoglycemia?
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Quinidine
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What drug is used to treat chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum?
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Mefloquine
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What anti-malarial drugs cause seizures, arrhythmias, neuro-psychiatric reaction with a very long half life (30 days)
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Mefloquine
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What anti-malarial should not be given with quinine and halofantrine?
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Mefloquine (can cause fatal arrhythmias by all prolonging QT interval)
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What anti-malarial drug is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (inhibiting formation and utilization of tetrahydrofolate), used with sulfadoxine for treatment of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum
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Pyrimethamine
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What two drugs are used to treat toxoplasma gondii?
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Pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine
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What antimalarial drug is used to kill hyponozoites?
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Primaquine
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What antimalarial drug is used after treatment of chloroquine to cure P. vivax and P. ovale?
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Primaquine
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What is the state of the art treatment of malaria?
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Artemisinin + 2nd antimalarial drug
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Drug for preventation and treatment of trypanosomiasis and penumocystis jerovichii
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Pentamidine
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What drug is indicated for P. carinii and Malaria and inhibits mitochondrial electron transport?
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Atovaquone
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What antiprotozoal agents treat T. vaginalis, E. histolytica (trophozoites only), giardia lamblia?
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Metronidazole
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What antiprotozoal drug treats intestinal amebiasis (not extra intestinal), giardiasis (during pregnancy), and cyptosporidiosis. (HINT)
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Paromomycin
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It is also a poorly absorbed oral aminoglycoside.
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Antiprotozoal that treats visceral leishmaniasis by inhibiting glycolysis and farry acid oxidation
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Sodium stibogluconate
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What anti-helminthic drug is used against trichuris trichiura, ascaris, enterobius, trichinella, hookworm?
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Mebendazole
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What is a broad spectrum drug that is used against echinococcus, other helminths, and neurocysticercosis?
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Albendazole
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What anti-helminthic drug acts on muscle contraction and is used to treat Filariae (Wucheria bancrofti and Loa loa), and visceral larva migrans
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Diethylcarbamazine
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What anti-helminthic drug is used to paralyze worms by opening chloride channels and used to treat Onchocerca volvulus, strongyloidiasis (drug of choice), and cutaneous larva migrans?
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Ivermectin
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What anti-helminthic drug is used to treat schistosomiasis, cystericercosis (taenia solium), and echinococcus and works by altering calcium homeostatis of parasite?
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Praziquantal
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