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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Microbiology? |
The study of small life |
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What small life is studied in Microbiology? |
Microbes and Microorganisms |
2 answers |
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Name two divisions of Prokaryotes. |
Bacteria & Archaea |
B & A |
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What is the smallest known microbes? |
Viruses |
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Name four Eukarya divisions |
Algae, plants, Fungi, animals, protists, Heminths ( worms), Protozoa |
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What is a virus? |
Microbe. Acellular Infectious particles. Most are not visible using light microscopes. |
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What is an Archaea? |
Technically Prokaryotes, Single celled, microbes, many are extremophiles. . . Microbe |
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Describe Protoza |
Single celled 'animals' Eukaryotes Microbe Much larger than bacteria |
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Describe Fungi |
Unicellular and multicellular Eukaryotes Examples: yeast and molds Macroscopic: Mushrooms |
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Describe Helminths |
Worms, multicellular eukaryotic parasite. Can be micro as an egg, adult can be macro |
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What is a microbial community? |
Biofilm |
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What are the three domains of life? |
Bacteria, archaea, and Eukarya |
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How many times had microbes changed the world and how? |
Twice 1. Great oxygenation 2. Nitrogen cycle |
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What is a Prokaryote? |
Its a cell with a pre-nucleus aka a simple cell |
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What is the endosymbiotic theory? |
States that mitochondrial and Chloroplasts derived from ancient Prokaryotic organisms. Own DNA Own proteins Replicate binary fission |
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What bacteria can eat through rocks |
Lithotrophs |
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Name four historical infectious diseases. |
Plague Malaria Cholera Tuberculosis Small pox |
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What is the difference between a pathogen and a parasite? |
Pathogens infect organisms and kill the host, parasites feed of their host and need the host to survive. |
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Who invented the Microscope? A. Robert Hooke B. Louis Pasteur C. Robert Koch D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
A. Robert Hooke D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
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How did Louis pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? |
Pasteur used a swan-necked flask with boiled chicken broth. |
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Who is Robert Koch? |
Robert Koch discovered microbes caused diseases. He also established Koch's Postulates. |
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What are Koch's Postulates? |
1. Disease causing microbes must only be present in the sick, not the healthy. 2. Microbe must be grown in pure culture. 3. Microbe introduced in new host, host gets sick. 4. Same microbe must be re-isolated from new host. |
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Which disease microbes did Koch discover? |
Anthrax, TB, and Cholera |
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What did Joseph Lister introduce? |
Aseptic techniques |
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What did Edward Jenner help immunize and by what method? |
Edward Jenner took the scabs of cowpox patients and crushed them and gave it to children to protect them against small pox. |
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Who discover the immunization to rabies? |
Louis Pasteur |
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Who discovered the theory of Viruses? |
Dmitri Ivanovsky |
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Who discover the first antibiotic and how? |
Alexander Fleming, he left a plate out which grew bacteria and mold. It was purely an accidently discovery. |
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Define detection |
Ability to see the presence of an object |
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Define Magnification |
Increase in the apparent size of an image |
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Define resolution |
Smallest distance by which two objects can be seperated and still be distinguished. |
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What is the resolution of the human retina? |
150 um |
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High energy = ? |
Higher resolving power |
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What is empty magnification? |
Magnifying with the same resolution |
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What are the four ways magnification can be altered? |
Absorbed, Reflection, Refraction, Scattered |
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How does one determine the magnification of a microscope? |
Magnification of objective lens x Magnification of Ocular lens |
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What does NA stand for? |
Numerical Aperture |
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What does n stand for in the equation: n sin theta |
The n equals the refractive index of the material ex. Air has a value of 1 and oil has a value of 1.5 |
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What is the equation to determine NA? |
NA= n sin theta |
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What is the equation for Resolution (R)? |
R=wavelength (^)/(2×NA) |
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What does TEM stand for |
Transmission electron microscopy |
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What are the two major types of electron microscopy? |
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) |
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Extra credit question: What bacteria was mentioned in the first class? |
Supersize bacteria - Thiomargarita namibiensis |
Its size was key |
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Who was the first person to discover moving microbes? |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
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