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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 Gram + Cocci? |
1) Staphylococcus aureus 2) Streptococcus pyogenes 3) Streptococcus pneumoniae 4) Streptococcus agalactiae 5) Viridans Streptococci |
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What does Staphylococcus aureus cause? |
Skin infections, toxic shock syndrome, and MRSA |
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Examples of Staphylococcus aureus skin infections |
Furuncles (boils), carbuncles, impetigo, and scalded skin syndrome. |
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Toxic Shock Syndrome |
Has the most virulence factors of any pathogen, found on the skin and mucous membranes, can therefore withstand high salt conditions, and temperature and pH fluctuations. |
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Is Staphylococcus aureus catalase negative or positive? |
Catalase positive |
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Is Staphylococcus aureus coagulase negative or positive? |
Coagulase positive |
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Is staphylococcus aureus alpha or beta-hemolytic |
Beta-hemolytic |
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Methicillin-resistance S. Aureus (MRSA) |
Difficult to treat, have to use vancomycin, some isolates are even VRSA |
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Streptococcus pyogenes causes |
Strept throat/pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever |
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What Group is Streptococcus pyogenes |
Group A |
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Strept throat/pharyngitis |
Scarlet fever due to erythrogenic toxin |
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Is Streptococcus pyogenes catalase negative or positive? |
Catalase negative |
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Is streptococcus pyogenes alpha or beta-hemolytic? |
Beta-hemolytic |
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What does Streptococcus pyogenes grow on? |
Grows on blood agar. Is fastidious |
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How is Streptococcus pyogenes treated? |
Treated with penicillin |
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What does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause? |
60-70% of bacterial pneumonia, and causes otitis media in young children |
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What does streptococcus pneumoniae grow on? |
Grows on blood agar. The pneumococcus Is fastidious |
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Is streptococcus pnemoniae alpha or beta-hemolytic? |
Alpha-hemolytic |
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How and where does streptococcus pneumoniae appear? |
Appear as lancet-shaped diplococci in sputum smear of pneumonia patient |
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What is streptococcus pneumoniae's major virulence factor? |
Capsule |
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Can streptococcus pneumoniae be treated? |
Pneumococcal vaccine available |
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What group is streptococcus agalactiae in? |
Group B |
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What does streptococcus agalactiae cause? |
Meningitis in newborns |
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Who is tested for streptococcus agalactiae? |
Pregnant women are tested for carriage of this organism due to the risk of infection to newborns |
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How is streptococcus agalactiae detectef? |
Detect by positive CAMP test. |
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What does streptococcus agalactiae grow on? |
Grow on blood agar Is fastidious |
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How is streptococcus agalactiae treated? |
Treated with penicillin |
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Where does Viridans streptococci present? |
Present in the oral cavity |
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What does Viridans streptococci cause? |
Can cause dental caries |
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Why can Viridans streptococci cause more serious infections in heart patients? |
They take antibiotics prophylatically for invasive dental work |
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What are the two Gram - Cocci? |
1) Neisseria meningitidis 2) Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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What does Neisseria meningitidis cause? |
Epidemic meningitis |
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What is the prevalent cause of meningitis? |
Neisseria meningitidis/epidemic meningitis |
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What does Neisseria meningitidis grow on? |
The meningococcus is very fastidious and grows on chocolate agar |
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Who is at highest risk for Neisseria meningitidis? |
Children and young adults |
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Can Neisseria meningitidis be treated? |
There is a vaccine available, it can be deadly if untreated. Treated with penicillin. Close contacts of infected person treated prophylactically |
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What is the hallmark symptom of Neisseria meningitidis? |
Stiff neck |
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What does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause? |
Gonorrhea |
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What does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause? |
Gonorrhea |
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What does Neisseria gonorrhoeae grow on? |
The gonococcus is very fastidious and grows on chocolate agar |
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What is the asymptomatic percentage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on males and females? |
Asymptomatic 10% of the time in males and 50% of the time in females. |
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What symptoms does Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) cause in adults? |
Discharge |
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What symptoms does Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) cause in adults? |
Discharge |
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What symptoms does Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) cause in newborns? |
Inflammation/blindness.
All newborns are given ointment in the eyes upon birth to prevent infection just in case |
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What are the 10 Gram + Bacilli |
1) Bacillus anthracis 2) Bacillus cereus 3) Clostridium perfringens 4) Clostridium difficile 5) Clostridium botulinum 6) Clostridium tetani 7) Listeria monocytogenes 8) Corynebacterium diphtheria 9) Myobacterium tuberculosis 10) Myobacterium leprae |
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What does Bacillus anthracis cause? |
Anthrax |
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What does Bacillus anthracis cause? |
Anthrax |
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Forms of bacillus anthracis (anthrax) |
Cutaneous (skin), pulmonary (lung), and gastrointestinal forms |
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What does the cutaneous firm of bacillus anthracis cause? |
Black eschar lesion, spores are formed centrally in the bacillus anthracis cells |
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How is bacillus anthracis (anthrax) treated? |
Treated with Cipro antibiotic, complex vaccination only for military personnel |
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What does bacillus cereus cause? |
Cause diarrheal disease |
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How does bacillus cereus spread? |
Can be everywhere, It is airborne, attaches to dust particles. |
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How is bacillus cereus treated? |
No treatment, short-lived (24 hours) |
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What does Clostridium perfringens cause? |
Gas gangrene, mild instead final illness, and food poisoning |
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What does Clostridium perfringens cause? |
Gas gangrene, mild instead final illness, and food poisoning |
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Is Clostridium perfringens anaerobic or aerobic? |
Anaerobic and spore-former |
